Upper Respiratory Disorders

Question 1

The most prevalent type of upper respiratory infection

Answer 1

Common cold

Question 2

Acute inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose that usually accompanies the common cold

Answer 2

Acute rhinitis

Question 3

Caused by a pollen or foreign substance such as animal dander

Answer 3

Allergic rhinitis

Question 4

Watery nasal discharge

Answer 4

Rhinorrhea

Question 5

Drugs that stimulate the alpha-adrenergic receptors, producing vasoconstriction of the capillaries within the nasal mucosa

Answer 5

Decongestants

Question 6

Agents that act on the cough-control center n the medulla to suppress the cough reflex

Answer 6

Antitussives

Question 7

Caused by frequent use of decongestants

Answer 7

Rebound nasal congestion

Question 8

Inflammation of the throat caused by a virus or bacteria

Answer 8

Acute pharyngitis

Question 9

Inflammation of the mucous membranes of one or more of the sinuses

Answer 9

Sinusitis

Question 10

Antihistamines work by:

Answer 10

blocking histamine receptor sites, blocking the histamine response

Question 11

Which generation of antihistamines cause less drowsiness and anticholinergic effects?

Answer 11

2nd generation

Question 12

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) & Chlor-Trimeton is which generation of antihistamine?

Answer 12

1st generation
Effects: drowsiness, dry mouth, dizziness, fatigue, blurred vision, disturbed coordination, urine retention

Question 13

What are some examples of 2nd generation antihistamines?

Answer 13

Cetirizine (Zyrtec), loratadine (Claritin), azelastine
Less drowsiness & less anticholinergic symptoms

Question 14

What assessments are most important when a patient is having an allergic reaction?

Answer 14

Cardiac and respiratory

Question 15

Diphenhydramine can have what type of reaction in children?

Answer 15

Paradoxical effect - nightmares, irritability and excitement
Cautions: narrow-angle glaucoma, urinary retention, & severe liver disease
Interactions: Alcohol and other CNS depressants

Question 16

How do nasal decongestants work?

Answer 16

They work by activating alpha 1 receptors located on blood vessels - causing vasoconstriction.

Question 17

What are some examples of nasal decongestants?

Answer 17

Phenylephrine, Pseudoephedrine. & Oxymetazoline
Effects: nervous, restless, rebound nasal congestion

Question 18

Nasal decongestants can interact with:

Answer 18

Beta blockers, MAOIs, and caffeine

Question 19

Fluticasone (Flonase) and Mometasone (Nasonex) are examples of:

Answer 19

Intranasal glucocorticoids
Action: Antiinflammatory; Decrease rhinorrhea, sneezing, and congestion
Use: allergic rhinitis
Effects: dizziness, blurred vision, hoarseness, nausea, & vomiting

Question 20

Dextromethorphan( Robitussin)and Benzonatate (Tessalon pearls) are examples of:

Answer 20

Antitussives
Nonopioid

Question 21

True or False: Benzonatate is a non-opioid antitussive.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

Guaifenesin (Mucinex) is an example of:

Answer 22

Expectorant
Effects: drowsiness, dizziness, HA, & nausea

Question 23

Expectorants work by:

Answer 23

reducing surface tension of secretions

Question 24

True or False: Patients should decrease fluid intake while taking expectorants.

Answer 24

False, increase fluid intake

Question 25

True or False: It’s better to take single ingredient cold medications when possible.

Answer 25

True