Urinary Disorders Flashcards
Microbial infection of any part of the urinary tract
UTI
Prevents bacterial growth in the kidneys and bladder
Urinary antiseptics
Drugs that relieve pain or burning the urinary tract
Urinary analgesics
Phenazopyridine (Azo, Pyridium)
Drugs that cause increase tone of the urinary muscles
Urinary stimulants
Bethanechol
A lower UTI, which frequently occurs in female patients due to a short urethra.
Acute cystitis
An upper UTI, is commonly seen in women of childbearing age, older women, and young girls.
Acute pyelonephritis
Another word for urination
micturition
Drugs that have a direct action on the smooth muscles of the urinary tract
Antispasmodics
Oxybutynin (Ditropan)
Tolterodine tartrate (Detrol)
What is the most common cause of cystitis?
E. coli
Symptoms of cystitis include:
Pain and burning on urination, frequency, and urgency
Lower UTIs in males are usually what?
prostatitis
True or False: Symptoms of pyelonephritis are identical to lower UTIs.
False, Additional symptoms of pyelonephritis include fever/chills, flank pain and pyuria.
What should always be done before starting a patient on antibiotics for a UTI?
UA with culture and sensitivity
How is Fosfomycin tromethamine different from other antibiotics used to treat UTIs?
It only requires a single dose.
What is the most commonly used fluoroquinolone for UTIs?
Ciprofloxacin
What are common side effects of Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid/Macrodantin)?
Nausea, vomiting, c. diff diarrhea, peripheral neuropathy, and brown urine discoloration
What patient teaching should be provided for those taking Nitrofurantoin?
It can stain teeth.
Avoid antacids.
Avoid operating heavy machinery.
Increase fluids and take with food.
It can turn urine brown.
Watch out for peripheral neuropathy.
Which medication works best when urine is acidic?
Methenamine (Hiprex)
What can the patient do to lower the urine pH?
Drink several glass of cranberry juice per day. Take vitamin C or ammonium chloride.
True or False: Methanamide should not be taken with sulfonamides.
True
Side effects of Methanamide (Hiprex) include:
Nausea, vomiting, crystalluria, and elevated hepatic enzymes.
True or False: Unlike other antiinfectives, TMP/SMZ does not cause GI distress.
False, it does also.
Ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and levofloxacin are which type of drug?
Fluoroquinolones
List the side effects of Fluoroquinolones; Ciprofloxacin (Cipro), Ofloxacin (Floxin), Levofloxacin (Levaquin):
Headache, dizziness, photosensitivity, visual impairment, peripheral neuropathy, GI distress, tendinitis, tendon rupture, seizures, and c. diff diarrhea.
True or False: Phenazopyridine (Azo, Pyridium) is prescribed to get rid of UTIs.
False, it is used to treat pain from UTIs.
What test can Phenazopyridine alter?
Clinitest, which is a glucose urine test.
Bethanechol works by:
Increasing bladder tone of the detrusor muscle.
Oxybutynin and Flavoxate are examples of which type of drugs?
Antispasmodics
Tolterodine tartrate (Detrol) is used to:
Control an overactive bladder and decrease urge and urinary incontinence.
True or False: Tolterodine tartrate (Detrol) can cause urinary retention.
True
