Antihypertensives Flashcards
The most common type of hypertension, affecting 90% of persons with high blood pressure
Essential hypertension
Hypertension related to renal and endocrine disorders
Secondary hypertension
Drugs that affect the sympathetic nervous system by blocking receptors
Sympatholytics
List the risk factors for hypertension
- Diet high in saturated fat and simple carbs. 2. Alcohol consumption. 3. Obesity
What cultural factors are important to know when it comes to BP and BP meds?
African Americans have a higher incidence of hypertension and mortality. Beta blockers and ACE inhibitors are less effective in African Americans. Alpha 1 blockers, calcium channel blockers, and diuretics are more effective for African Americans. Asian Americans are very sensitive to beta blockers. Native Americans have a decreased response to beta blockers.
List nonpharmacological ways to lower BP.
Stress reduction techniques, exercise, salt restriction, decreased alcohol intake, smoking cessation
List the values for Normal BP, Prehypertension, Stage 1 Hypertension, and Stage 2 Hypertension
Normal BP = < 120/80
Prehypertension = 120-129/Less than 80
Stage 1 Hypertension = 130-139/80-89
Stage 2 Hypertension = >140/90
What is the target BP for those over 60?
<150/90
True or False: Often more than 1 drug is used to treat hypertension, which produces a synergistic effect.
True, the drugs should be from 2 different classes.
Hydrochlorothiazide is what type of drug?
Diuretic/thiazide
True or False: Hydrochlorothiazide is often used as a 1st line of treatment for mild hypertension.
True
Acebutolol, atenolol, metoprolol, and propranolol are what type of drugs?
Beta-adrenergic blockers (Beta blockers)
True or False: Propanolol and carvedilol are selective beta blockers.
False, they are nonselective
How do beta blockers work?
They reduce heart rate, contractility, and renin release.
Methyldopa, clonidine, guanabenz, and guanfacine are which type of BP drugs?
Centrally acting alpha2 agonists
True or False: Centrally acting alpha 1 agonists should not be used in those with liver dysfunction.
True
Doxazosin, prazosin, and terazosin are which type of BP drug?
Alpha-adrenergic blockers
What is the most common side effect of alpha-adrenergic blockers?
Orthostatic hypotension
True or False: Alpha-adrenergic blockers can be used to treat BPH.
True
Reserpine is what type of drug?
Adrenergic neuron blocker
Labetalol and carteolol are what type of drugs?
Alpha 1 and Beta 1 adrenergic blockers
Hydralazine and Minoxidil are what type of drugs?
Direct-Acting Arteriolar vasodilators
True or False: Direct-acting arteriolar vasodilators cause retention of sodium and water.
True
Captopril and Lisinopril are what type of drugs?
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors
What is the main side effect of ACE inhibitors?
A constant, irritating, non-productive cough
Which type of BP drugs are known for causing angioedema?
ACE Inhibitors
Losartan and Valsartan are what type of drugs?
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
What are contraindications for ACE inhibitors?
Pregnancy, potassium-sparing diuretics, and salt substitutes that contain potassium.
Amlodipine and diltiazem are what?
Calcium-channel blockers
How do calcium channel blockers work?
They slow calcium channels in the myocardium and vascular smooth muscle cells, promoting vasodilation.
