Antihypertensives

Question 1

The most common type of hypertension, affecting 90% of persons with high blood pressure

Answer 1

Essential hypertension

Question 2

Hypertension related to renal and endocrine disorders

Answer 2

Secondary hypertension

Question 3

Drugs that affect the sympathetic nervous system by blocking receptors

Answer 3

Sympatholytics

Question 4

List the risk factors for hypertension

Answer 4

1. Diet high in saturated fat and simple carbs. 2. Alcohol consumption. 3. Obesity

Question 5

What cultural factors are important to know when it comes to BP and BP meds?

Answer 5

African Americans have a higher incidence of hypertension and mortality. Beta blockers and ACE inhibitors are less effective in African Americans. Alpha 1 blockers, calcium channel blockers, and diuretics are more effective for African Americans. Asian Americans are very sensitive to beta blockers. Native Americans have a decreased response to beta blockers.

Question 6

List nonpharmacological ways to lower BP.

Answer 6

Stress reduction techniques, exercise, salt restriction, decreased alcohol intake, smoking cessation

Question 7

List the values for Normal BP, Prehypertension, Stage 1 Hypertension, and Stage 2 Hypertension

Answer 7

Normal BP = < 120/80
Prehypertension = 120-129/Less than 80
Stage 1 Hypertension = 130-139/80-89
Stage 2 Hypertension = >140/90

Question 8

What is the target BP for those over 60?

Answer 8

<150/90

Question 9

True or False: Often more than 1 drug is used to treat hypertension, which produces a synergistic effect.

Answer 9

True, the drugs should be from 2 different classes.

Question 10

Hydrochlorothiazide is what type of drug?

Answer 10

Diuretic/thiazide

Question 11

True or False: Hydrochlorothiazide is often used as a 1st line of treatment for mild hypertension.

Answer 11

True

Question 12

Acebutolol, atenolol, metoprolol, and propranolol are what type of drugs?

Answer 12

Beta-adrenergic blockers (Beta blockers)

Question 13

True or False: Propanolol and carvedilol are selective beta blockers.

Answer 13

False, they are nonselective

Question 14

How do beta blockers work?

Answer 14

They reduce heart rate, contractility, and renin release.

Question 15

Methyldopa, clonidine, guanabenz, and guanfacine are which type of BP drugs?

Answer 15

Centrally acting alpha2 agonists

Question 16

True or False: Centrally acting alpha 1 agonists should not be used in those with liver dysfunction.

Answer 16

True

Question 17

Doxazosin, prazosin, and terazosin are which type of BP drug?

Answer 17

Alpha-adrenergic blockers

Question 18

What is the most common side effect of alpha-adrenergic blockers?

Answer 18

Orthostatic hypotension

Question 19

True or False: Alpha-adrenergic blockers can be used to treat BPH.

Answer 19

True

Question 20

Reserpine is what type of drug?

Answer 20

Adrenergic neuron blocker

Question 21

Labetalol and carteolol are what type of drugs?

Answer 21

Alpha 1 and Beta 1 adrenergic blockers

Question 22

Hydralazine and Minoxidil are what type of drugs?

Answer 22

Direct-Acting Arteriolar vasodilators

Question 23

True or False: Direct-acting arteriolar vasodilators cause retention of sodium and water.

Answer 23

True

Question 24

Captopril and Lisinopril are what type of drugs?

Answer 24

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors

Question 25

What is the main side effect of ACE inhibitors?

Answer 25

A constant, irritating, non-productive cough

Question 26

Which type of BP drugs are known for causing angioedema?

Answer 26

ACE Inhibitors

Question 27

Losartan and Valsartan are what type of drugs?

Answer 27

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)

Question 28

What are contraindications for ACE inhibitors?

Answer 28

Pregnancy, potassium-sparing diuretics, and salt substitutes that contain potassium.

Question 29

Amlodipine and diltiazem are what?

Answer 29

Calcium-channel blockers

Question 30

How do calcium channel blockers work?

Answer 30

They slow calcium channels in the myocardium and vascular smooth muscle cells, promoting vasodilation.