Antiulcer Drugs Flashcards
A broad term for an ulcer that occurs in the upper GI tract
Peptic ulcer
A strongly acidic solution of gas hydrogen chloride in water
Hydrochloric acid
A digestive enzyme activated at a pH of 2
Pepsin
A thick, viscous material that provides a barrier between the mucosal lining and the acidic gastric secretions
Gastric mucosal barrier (GMB)
Results from reflux of acidic gastric secretions into the esophagus (GERD)
Esophageal ulcer
Frequently occurs because of a breakdown in GMB
Gastric ulcer
Caused by hypersecretion of acid from the stomach passing into the duodenum
Duodenal ulcer
Inflammation or erosion of the esophageal mucosa caused by a reflux of gastric acid content from the stomach into the esophagus
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
An ulcer that usually follows a critical situation, such as extensive trauma or major surgery
Stress ulcer
This medication promotes ulcer healing by neutralizing hydrochloric acid and reducing pepsin activity
Antacids: Sodium bicarbonate (Baking soda), Calcium bicarbonate (TUMS), Magnesium hydroxide, Aluminum hydroxide
Agents used to treat duodenal ulcers and prevent their return
Histamine2 receptor antagonists Famotidine (Pepcid), Cimetidine (Tagamet)
What is normal gastric pH?
2-5
How do we test for H. pylori?
Meretek urea breath test - The patient drinks liquid containing 13C urea. H. pylori will hydrolize the urea and release 13CO2, which is detected in the breath. Blood and stool tests can also check for antibodies.
Explain treatment of H. pylori.
The patient is treated for 7-14 days with an antibiotic, a PPI, and bismuth salicylate. Then the patient is treated for 6 weeks with an H2 blocker or a PPI.
List nonpharmacological measures for treating GERD and Peptic ulcers.
Avoid alcohol and tobacco
Lose weight if obese
Avoid hot, spicy, greasy foods
Take NSAIDS and steroids with food
Sit upright after meals
Do not eat before bedtime
Wear loose-fitting clothing
Sleep with head elevated
Clindinium-chlordiazepoxide, glycopyrrolate, and propantheline are which type of antiulcer drug?
Anticholinergics
True or False: Anticholinergics and antacids may be taken at the same time.
False, antacids should be taken 2 hours after anticholinergics
Sodium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide are what type of antiulcer drugs?
Antacids
When should antacids be taken?
1-3 before meals and at bedtime
What are side effects of calcium carbonate (Tums)?
Acid rebound and hypercalcemia
Why are magnesium and aluminum added together in medications like Maalox, and Mylanta?
Side effects of both are decreased. Magnesium causes diarrhea. Aluminum causes constipation.
True or False: It is okay to take other prescribed meds with antacids.
False, they can affect absorption of other meds.
Cimetidine (Tagamet) and famotidine (Pepcid) are examples of what?
Histamine 2 blockers
What side effects can histamine 2 blockers cause in men?
Erectile dysfunction, decreased libido, and gynecomastia. The effects are reversible when the drug is stopped.
When are histamine 2 blockers taken?
Just before meals or at bedtime
Histamine 2 blockers can cause what vitamin deficiency?
Vitamin B12
Esomeprazole (Nexium), omeprazole (Prilosec), lansoprazole (Prevacid), and pantoprazole (Protonix) are which type of med?
PPI (Proton pump inhibitor)
List drug interactions with PPIs.
Digoxin, anticoagulants, some benzos, and phenytoin
True or False: PPIs are more potent than H2 blockers.
True
What type of med is sucralfate (Carafate)?
Pepsin inhibitor (mucosal protective drug)
When is sucralfate (Carafate) given?
30 minutes before meals and at bedtime
