Adrenergic Agonists and Antagonists Flashcards
Drugs that affect the sympathetic nervous system, also called adrenergic agonists
Sympathomimetics
Drugs that affect the sympathetic nervous system, also called adrenergic blockers
Sympatholytics
Target of the catecholamines
Adrenergic receptor
Chemical structures of a substance, either endogenous or synthetic, that can produce a sympathomimetic response
Catecholamines
A term used to describe drugs capable of affecting multiple receptors
Nonselective
May inhibit the action of albuterol
Beta antagonists (beta blockers)
Drugs that block either the alpha or beta receptor
Adrenergic Antagonists ( adrenergic blockers)
Drugs that promote vasodilation, causing a decrease in blood pressure
Alpha Antagonists (alpha blockers)
Drugs that block the release of norepinephrine from the sympathetic terminal neurons
Adrenergic neuron antagonists (adrenergic neuron blockers)
The autonomic nervous system is made up of which two systems?
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic
The four types of receptor cells in the sympathetic nervous system are:
Alpha 1, alpha 2, beta 1, beta 2
The two types of receptor cells in the parasympathetic nervous system are:
Muscarinic and nicotinic
The primary neurotransmitter in the sympathetic (adrenergic) system is:
Norepinephrine
The primary neurotransmitter in the parasympathetic (cholinergic) system is:
Acetylcholine
True or False: Sympathomimetics stimulate the sympathetic nervous system
True
Adrenergic receptors are located in:
The eyes, lungs, heart, blood vessels, GI tract, bladder, and uterus
Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system causes:
Pupil dilation, lung dilation, constriction of blood vessels, GI muscle relaxation, bladder relaxation, uterine relaxation
Alpha 1 receptors are located in:
Blood vessels, eyes, bladder, and prostate
Stimulation of alpha 1 receptors causes:
Increased cardiac contractility, blood vessel constriction, increased blood pressure, pupil dilation, reduction in salivary gland secretion, Increased bladder relaxation, prostate contraction
Alpha 2 receptors are located in:
Blood vessels and smooth muscle of the GI tract
Stimulation of alpha 2 receptors causes:
Decreased vasoconstriction, decreased blood pressure, decrease in GI motility
Beta 1 receptors are found in:
Heart and Kidneys
Stimulation of beta 1 receptors causes:
Increased cardiac contractility, increased heart rate, increased renin secretion leading to increased blood pressure
Beta 2 receptors are found in:
GI tract, lungs, uterus, and liver
Stimulation of Beta 2 receptors causes:
Decreased GI motility and tone, bronchodilation, uterine relaxation, increased blood glucose
Neurotransmitter inactivation occurs in 3 ways:
- Reuptake of transmitter back into the neuron. 2. Enzymatic transformation or degradation. 3. Diffusion away from the receptor.
Direct-acting adrenergic agonists work by:
Directly stimulating adrenergic receptors
Indirect-acting adrenergic agonists work by:
Stimulating release of norepinephrine from terminal nerve endings
Mixed-acting adrenergic agonists work by
Directly stimulating adrenergic receptors and stimulating release of norepinephrine from terminal nerve endings
Epinephrine is an example of:
A non-selective adrenergic agonist
Epinephrine stimulates which receptors in the adrenergic system?
Alpha 1, Beta 1, and Beta 2
Epinephrine is used to treat:
Anaphylaxis, bronchospasms, status asthmaticus, cardiogenic shock, cardiac arrest
Drugs that interact with Epinephrine include
Beta blockers, digoxin, TCAs, and MAOIs
Albuterol is an example of:
A selective adrenergic agonist. It can become non-selective at high doses.
What receptor does albuterol act on and what is the primary effect?
Beta 2; bronchodilation
Common side effects/adverse reactions of albuterol include:
Tremors, nervousness, restlessness, dizziness, tachycardia, palpitations, and cardiac dysrhythmias.
Drugs that interact with Albuterol include:
Other adrenergic agonists, TCAs, MAOIs, Beta blockers
The antidote given for adrenergic agonist IV extravasation is:
Phentolamine mesylate
Clonidine and Methyldopa are examples of:
Central-acting alpha agonists
Central-acting alpha agonists stimulate which receptors?
Alpha 2, causing vasodilation and a decrease in blood pressure.
Adrenergic antagonists that block alpha 1 cause:
Vasodilation, decreased blood pressure, pupil constriction, ejaculation suppression, contraction of muscles in bladder neck
Adrenergic antagonists that block beta 1 cause:
Reduced heart contractility and decreased pulse
Adrenergic antagonists that block beta 2 cause:
Bronchoconstriction, uterine contraction, lower blood glucose
Metoprolol and Atenolol are examples of:
Selective beta blockers (adrenergic antagonists)
Metoprolol and Atenolol block which receptor?
Beta 1
Drug that interact with beta blockers include?
NSAIDs, other anticholinergics, insulin, sulfonylureas
Reserpine is an example of:
Adrenergic neuron antagonist
A side effect of reserpine is:
Severe mental depression
What herb can interact with reserpine?
St. John’s Wort
