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Nursing Pharmacology > Adrenergic Agonists and Antagonists > Flashcards

Adrenergic Agonists and Antagonists Flashcards

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1
Q

Drugs that affect the sympathetic nervous system, also called adrenergic agonists

A

Sympathomimetics

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2
Q

Drugs that affect the sympathetic nervous system, also called adrenergic blockers

A

Sympatholytics

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3
Q

Target of the catecholamines

A

Adrenergic receptor

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4
Q

Chemical structures of a substance, either endogenous or synthetic, that can produce a sympathomimetic response

A

Catecholamines

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5
Q

A term used to describe drugs capable of affecting multiple receptors

A

Nonselective

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6
Q

May inhibit the action of albuterol

A

Beta antagonists (beta blockers)

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7
Q

Drugs that block either the alpha or beta receptor

A

Adrenergic Antagonists ( adrenergic blockers)

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8
Q

Drugs that promote vasodilation, causing a decrease in blood pressure

A

Alpha Antagonists (alpha blockers)

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9
Q

Drugs that block the release of norepinephrine from the sympathetic terminal neurons

A

Adrenergic neuron antagonists (adrenergic neuron blockers)

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10
Q

The autonomic nervous system is made up of which two systems?

A

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

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11
Q

The four types of receptor cells in the sympathetic nervous system are:

A

Alpha 1, alpha 2, beta 1, beta 2

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12
Q

The two types of receptor cells in the parasympathetic nervous system are:

A

Muscarinic and nicotinic

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13
Q

The primary neurotransmitter in the sympathetic (adrenergic) system is:

A

Norepinephrine

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14
Q

The primary neurotransmitter in the parasympathetic (cholinergic) system is:

A

Acetylcholine

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15
Q

True or False: Sympathomimetics stimulate the sympathetic nervous system

A

True

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16
Q

Adrenergic receptors are located in:

A

The eyes, lungs, heart, blood vessels, GI tract, bladder, and uterus

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17
Q

Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system causes:

A

Pupil dilation, lung dilation, constriction of blood vessels, GI muscle relaxation, bladder relaxation, uterine relaxation

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18
Q

Alpha 1 receptors are located in:

A

Blood vessels, eyes, bladder, and prostate

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19
Q

Stimulation of alpha 1 receptors causes:

A

Increased cardiac contractility, blood vessel constriction, increased blood pressure, pupil dilation, reduction in salivary gland secretion, Increased bladder relaxation, prostate contraction

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20
Q

Alpha 2 receptors are located in:

A

Blood vessels and smooth muscle of the GI tract

21
Q

Stimulation of alpha 2 receptors causes:

A

Decreased vasoconstriction, decreased blood pressure, decrease in GI motility

22
Q

Beta 1 receptors are found in:

A

Heart and Kidneys

23
Q

Stimulation of beta 1 receptors causes:

A

Increased cardiac contractility, increased heart rate, increased renin secretion leading to increased blood pressure

24
Q

Beta 2 receptors are found in:

A

GI tract, lungs, uterus, and liver

25
Q

Stimulation of Beta 2 receptors causes:

A

Decreased GI motility and tone, bronchodilation, uterine relaxation, increased blood glucose

26
Q

Neurotransmitter inactivation occurs in 3 ways:

A
  1. Reuptake of transmitter back into the neuron. 2. Enzymatic transformation or degradation. 3. Diffusion away from the receptor.
27
Q

Direct-acting adrenergic agonists work by:

A

Directly stimulating adrenergic receptors

28
Q

Indirect-acting adrenergic agonists work by:

A

Stimulating release of norepinephrine from terminal nerve endings

29
Q

Mixed-acting adrenergic agonists work by

A

Directly stimulating adrenergic receptors and stimulating release of norepinephrine from terminal nerve endings

30
Q

Epinephrine is an example of:

A

A non-selective adrenergic agonist

31
Q

Epinephrine stimulates which receptors in the adrenergic system?

A

Alpha 1, Beta 1, and Beta 2

32
Q

Epinephrine is used to treat:

A

Anaphylaxis, bronchospasms, status asthmaticus, cardiogenic shock, cardiac arrest

33
Q

Drugs that interact with Epinephrine include

A

Beta blockers, digoxin, TCAs, and MAOIs

34
Q

Albuterol is an example of:

A

A selective adrenergic agonist. It can become non-selective at high doses.

35
Q

What receptor does albuterol act on and what is the primary effect?

A

Beta 2; bronchodilation

36
Q

Common side effects/adverse reactions of albuterol include:

A

Tremors, nervousness, restlessness, dizziness, tachycardia, palpitations, and cardiac dysrhythmias.

37
Q

Drugs that interact with Albuterol include:

A

Other adrenergic agonists, TCAs, MAOIs, Beta blockers

38
Q

The antidote given for adrenergic agonist IV extravasation is:

A

Phentolamine mesylate

39
Q

Clonidine and Methyldopa are examples of:

A

Central-acting alpha agonists

40
Q

Central-acting alpha agonists stimulate which receptors?

A

Alpha 2, causing vasodilation and a decrease in blood pressure.

41
Q

Adrenergic antagonists that block alpha 1 cause:

A

Vasodilation, decreased blood pressure, pupil constriction, ejaculation suppression, contraction of muscles in bladder neck

42
Q

Adrenergic antagonists that block beta 1 cause:

A

Reduced heart contractility and decreased pulse

43
Q

Adrenergic antagonists that block beta 2 cause:

A

Bronchoconstriction, uterine contraction, lower blood glucose

44
Q

Metoprolol and Atenolol are examples of:

A

Selective beta blockers (adrenergic antagonists)

45
Q

Metoprolol and Atenolol block which receptor?

A

Beta 1

46
Q

Drug that interact with beta blockers include?

A

NSAIDs, other anticholinergics, insulin, sulfonylureas

47
Q

Reserpine is an example of:

A

Adrenergic neuron antagonist

48
Q

A side effect of reserpine is:

A

Severe mental depression

49
Q

What herb can interact with reserpine?

A

St. John’s Wort

Nursing Pharmacology (40 decks)

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