Analgesics

Question 1

The level of stimulus needed to create a painful sensation

Answer 1

Pain threshold

Question 2

The amount of pain a person can endure without having it interfere with normal functioning

Answer 2

Pain tolerance

Question 3

A drug prescribed for the relief of pain

Answer 3

Analgesics

Question 4

Neurohormones

Answer 4

Endorphins

Question 5

Drugs that are less potent than opioid analgesics, used to treat mild to moderate pain

Answer 5

Nonopioid analgesics

Question 6

Drugs prescribed for moderate and severe pain

Answer 6

Opioid agonists

Question 7

A psychological and physical dependence upon a substance beyond normal voluntary control, usually after prolonged use

Answer 7

Addiction

Question 8

Low blood pressure that occurs when an individual assumes an upright position from a supine position

Answer 8

Orthostatic hypotension

Question 9

Symptoms include irritability, diaphoresis, restlessness, muscle twitching, tachycardia, and increased blood pressure.

Answer 9

Withdrawal syndrome

Question 10

An alternative route for opioid administration for self-administered pain relief as needed

Answer 10

Patient controlled analgesia (PCA)

Question 11

A generic term for medication not designed to manage pain

Answer 11

Adjuvant analgesics

Question 12

Medications in which an opioid antagonist is added to an opioid agonist

Answer 12

Opioid agonist-antagonists

Question 13

An agent that blocks the receptor and displaces any opioid that would normally be at the receptor

Answer 13

Opioid antagonist

Question 14

Characterized by a unilateral throbbing head pain accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and photophobia

Answer 14

Migraine headaches

Question 15

Headache characterized by a severe, unilateral, non-throbbing pain usually located around the eye

Answer 15

Cluster headaches

Question 16

Pain that has a sudden onset and has lasted for less than 3 months

Answer 16

Acute pain

Question 17

Pain that has a gradual onset and has lasted for more than 3 months

Answer 17

Chronic

Question 18

This type of pain results from tissue injury

Answer 18

Nociceptor pain

Question 19

This type of pain results from injury to the nervous system

Answer 19

Neuropathic pain

Question 20

List reasons for undertreatment of pain.

Answer 20

Patients don’t acknowledge pain. Patients fear addiction. Nurses don’t assess pain or offer pain meds. Health care providers have negative attitudes about treating pain. Nurses don’t believe patients’ reports of pain.

Question 21

List the effects of unrelieved pain.

Answer 21

Increase in respirations, blood pressure, and heart rate. Increased stress response which can cause hyperglycemia. Urinary retention, atelectasis, constipation, confusion. Increased health care costs.

Question 22

Acetaminophen, Ibuprofen, Aspirin, and Naproxen are which type of analgesic?

Answer 22

Non-opioid

Question 23

Signs of aspirin toxicity include:

Answer 23

Tinnitus, vertigo, bronchospasm, hyperventilation, possible metabolic acidosis

Question 24

The therapeutic serum level of aspirin is:

Answer 24

15-30 mg/dL

Question 25

True or False: Acetaminophen is an NSAID.

Answer 25

False

Question 26

True or False. It is okay for someone who drinks alcohol frequently to take the normal amount of acetaminophen.

Answer 26

False

Question 27

What is the effect of taking acetaminophen with oral contraceptives?

Answer 27

Decreased effectiveness of acetaminophen

Question 28

What is the antidote for acetaminophen overdose?

Answer 28

Acetylcysteine

Question 29

True or False: Opioid analgesics can caused increased intracranial pressure in those with head injuries.

Answer 29

True

Question 30

Supplements that interact with opioids include:

Answer 30

St. John’s wort, kava, and valerian

Question 31

True or False: Itching indicates an opioid overdose.

Answer 31

False

Question 32

Side effects/adverse reactions of opioids include:

Answer 32

Drowsiness, dizziness, euphoria, confusion, depression, miosis, GI distress, flatulence, constipation, orthostatic hypotension. urinary retention, pruritis, pscyhological dependence, respiratory depression

Question 33

Which is preferred for use in labor and delivery: Morphine or Meperidine?

Answer 33

Meperidine (Demerol)

Question 34

True or False: Hydromorphone is more potent than Morphine.

Answer 34

True

Question 35

True or False: It is okay to let a patient’s family member have full control over a PCA.

Answer 35

False

Question 36

The most common opioid delivered by transdermal patch is:

Answer 36

Fentanyl

Question 37

List reasons why older adults may underreport pain.

Answer 37

They fear addiction. They don’t want to be seen as weak. They don’t want to be a burden. They feel that pain is just a part of getting older.

Question 38

Adjuvant analgesics can include which types of meds?

Answer 38

Anticonvulsants, antidepressants, corticosteroids, antidysrhythmics, and local anesthetics.

Question 39

Nalbuphine and Buprenorphine are examples of:

Answer 39

Opioid agonist-anagonists

Question 40

What drug is most commonly used for opioid overdose?

Answer 40

Naloxone (Narcan)

Question 41

Which type of headaches typically cause unilateral, throbbing pain and are accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and photophobia?

Answer 41

Migraine headaches

Question 42

Which type of headaches cause severe unilateral non-throbbing pain located around the eye?

Answer 42

Cluster headaches

Question 43

Which types of drugs are used to prevent migraine and cluster headaches?

Answer 43

Beta blockers, Anticonvulsants, and TCAs

Question 44

Which types of drugs are used to treat active migraine and cluster headaches?

Answer 44

Non-opioid analgesics, opioid analgesics, ergot alkaloids, and selective serotonin receptor agonists.