Lower Respiratory Disorders

Question 1

A major category of lower respiratory tract disorders, caused by airway obstruction with increased airway resistance of airflow to lung tissues

Answer 1

COPD

Question 2

A decrease in total lung capacity as a result of fluid accumulation or loss of elasticity of the lung

Answer 2

Restrictive lung disease

Question 3

Abnormal dilation of the bronchi and bronchioles secondary to frequent infection and inflammation

Answer 3

Bronchiectasis

Question 4

Results when lung tissue is exposed to extrinsic or intrinsic factors that stimulate a bronchoconstrictive response

Answer 4

Bronchospasm

Question 5

Characterized by bronchospasm, wheezing, mucus secretions, and dyspnea; one of the lung diseases of COPD

Answer 5

Bronchial asthma

Question 6

A progressive lung disease caused by smoking or chronic lung infections

Answer 6

Chronic bronchitis

Question 7

A progressive lung disease caused by cigarette smoking, atmospheric contaminants, or lack of the alpha1-antitrypsin protein that inhibits proteolytic enzymes that destroy alveoli

Answer 7

Emphysema

Question 8

COPD can be caused by:

Answer 8

Chronic bronchitis, Bronchiectasis, Emphysema, and asthma

Question 9

Restrictive lung disease can be caused by:

Answer 9

Pulmonary edema, pulmonary fibrosis, pneumonitis, lung tumors, thoracic deformities, myasthenia gravis

Question 10

Asthma is characterized by:

Answer 10

Inflammation and constriction of airways

Question 11

Asthma attacks can be triggered by:

Answer 11

Environmental changes, stress, pollutants, allergic substances, drugs (ASA, NSAIDs).

Question 12

Chronic bronchitis is characterized by:

Answer 12

Bronchial inflammation and excessive mucus secretions

Question 13

Chronic bronchitis is usually caused by:

Answer 13

Smoking, chronic lung infections

Question 14

Bronchiectasis is characterized by:

Answer 14

Abnormal dilation of bronchi and bronchioles

Question 15

Emphysema is characterized by:

Answer 15

Alveolar wall destruction and air trapping

Question 16

True or False: Emphysema can be cured.

Answer 16

False

Question 17

The uses for epinephrine related to the respiratory system include:

Answer 17

Acute bronchospasm, asthma, anaphylaxis, angioedema
Effects: dizziness, tremors, nervousness, hypertension, angina, palpitations, restlessness, tachycardia, dysrhythmias

Question 18

True or False: Epinephrine is nonselective, producing many cardiac and pulmonary effects.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

Which route of medication administration for respiratory disorders has a quicker onset of action and fewer systemic effects?

Answer 19

Inhalation

Question 20

Albuterol is what type of medication?

Answer 20

Selective Beta Adrenergic (Agonist)
Effects: tachycardia, HA, rhinitis, excitability, tremors, hyperglycemia, bronchospasms, palpitations

Question 21

Overuse of albuterol include:

Answer 21

Bronchospasm and tachycardia

Question 22

True or False: Albuterol can cause hypoglycemia.

Answer 22

False, it can cause hyperglycemia

Question 23

Tiotropium (Spiriva) & Ipatropium (Atrovent) is an example of:

Answer 23

Bronchodilator Anticholinergic
Effects: dry mouth, constipation, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, insomnia, HA, pharyngitis, sinusitis, infection, arthralgia, peripheral edema

Question 24

True or False: Tiotropium is used prophylactically to treat COPD

Answer 24

True

Question 25

Theophylline & Aminophylline is an example of:

Answer 25

Methylxanthine deritive
Effects: Dizziness, HA, irritability, restlessness, GI distress, seizure, insomnia, tachycardia, palpitations, hypotension, dysrhythmias, hyperglycemia, decreased clotting
Range: 5-15 toxic greater than 20

Question 26

True or False: Theophylline has a narrow therapeutic range.

Answer 26

True

Question 27

Theophylline will have a decreased half-life in:

Answer 27

Smokers and children

Question 28

True or False: Caffeine is an methylxanthine derivative

Answer 28

True

Question 29

Nursing Interventions related to Bronchodilators include:

Answer 29

Monitor vital signs. Providing adequate hydration. Observing for side effects. Administering medication at regular intervals. Advising patients with asthma to wear a medical bracelet.

Question 30

Montelukast (Singulair) is an example of:

Answer 30

Leukotriene receptor antagonist
Effects: dizziness, HA, confusion, GI distress, depression, weakness, infection, elevated liver enzymes
Interactions: NSAIDS, St. John’s Wort

Question 31

Drug interactions of Leukotriene receptor antagonists include:

Answer 31

ASA, other NSAIDs, and St. John’s wort

Question 32

Montelukast is used to:

Answer 32

Prevent exercise-induced asthma attacks

Question 33

True or False: Montelukast can increase liver enzymes.

Answer 33

True

Question 34

Budesonide (Pulmicort), Fluticasone (Flovent), and Mometasone (Asmanex) are examples of:

Answer 34

Glucocorticoids
Effects: hoarseness, thrush, hyperglycemia, superinfections, fluid retention

Question 35

True or False: Cromolyn is used to treat acute asthma attacks.

Answer 35

False

Question 36

Acetylcysteine helps with lower respiratory tract disorders by:

Answer 36

Liquefying and loosening thick mucus secretions
Administration: administer by nebulizer 5 minutes after a bronchodilator
Effects: stomatitis, rhinorrhea, N/V

Question 37

Dornase alfa (pulmozyme) is used to treat:

Answer 37

Cystic fibrosis
Action: digest DNA in thick sputum secretions of patients with CF
Effects: sore throat, laryngitis, hoarseness, chest pain

Question 38

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is used to treat:

Answer 38

Mild to moderate acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis caused by an infection