Lower Respiratory Disorders Flashcards
A major category of lower respiratory tract disorders, caused by airway obstruction with increased airway resistance of airflow to lung tissues
COPD
A decrease in total lung capacity as a result of fluid accumulation or loss of elasticity of the lung
Restrictive lung disease
Abnormal dilation of the bronchi and bronchioles secondary to frequent infection and inflammation
Bronchiectasis
Results when lung tissue is exposed to extrinsic or intrinsic factors that stimulate a bronchoconstrictive response
Bronchospasm
Characterized by bronchospasm, wheezing, mucus secretions, and dyspnea; one of the lung diseases of COPD
Bronchial asthma
A progressive lung disease caused by smoking or chronic lung infections
Chronic bronchitis
A progressive lung disease caused by cigarette smoking, atmospheric contaminants, or lack of the alpha1-antitrypsin protein that inhibits proteolytic enzymes that destroy alveoli
Emphysema
COPD can be caused by:
Chronic bronchitis, Bronchiectasis, Emphysema, and asthma
Restrictive lung disease can be caused by:
Pulmonary edema, pulmonary fibrosis, pneumonitis, lung tumors, thoracic deformities, myasthenia gravis
Asthma is characterized by:
Inflammation and constriction of airways
Asthma attacks can be triggered by:
Environmental changes, stress, pollutants, allergic substances, drugs (ASA, NSAIDs).
Chronic bronchitis is characterized by:
Bronchial inflammation and excessive mucus secretions
Chronic bronchitis is usually caused by:
Smoking, chronic lung infections
Bronchiectasis is characterized by:
Abnormal dilation of bronchi and bronchioles
Emphysema is characterized by:
Alveolar wall destruction and air trapping
True or False: Emphysema can be cured.
False
The uses for epinephrine related to the respiratory system include:
Acute bronchospasm, asthma, anaphylaxis, angioedema
Effects: dizziness, tremors, nervousness, hypertension, angina, palpitations, restlessness, tachycardia, dysrhythmias
True or False: Epinephrine is nonselective, producing many cardiac and pulmonary effects.
True
Which route of medication administration for respiratory disorders has a quicker onset of action and fewer systemic effects?
Inhalation
Albuterol is what type of medication?
Selective Beta Adrenergic (Agonist)
Effects: tachycardia, HA, rhinitis, excitability, tremors, hyperglycemia, bronchospasms, palpitations
Overuse of albuterol include:
Bronchospasm and tachycardia
True or False: Albuterol can cause hypoglycemia.
False, it can cause hyperglycemia
Tiotropium (Spiriva) & Ipatropium (Atrovent) is an example of:
Bronchodilator Anticholinergic
Effects: dry mouth, constipation, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, insomnia, HA, pharyngitis, sinusitis, infection, arthralgia, peripheral edema
True or False: Tiotropium is used prophylactically to treat COPD
True
Theophylline & Aminophylline is an example of:
Methylxanthine deritive
Effects: Dizziness, HA, irritability, restlessness, GI distress, seizure, insomnia, tachycardia, palpitations, hypotension, dysrhythmias, hyperglycemia, decreased clotting
Range: 5-15 toxic greater than 20
True or False: Theophylline has a narrow therapeutic range.
True
Theophylline will have a decreased half-life in:
Smokers and children
True or False: Caffeine is an methylxanthine derivative
True
Nursing Interventions related to Bronchodilators include:
Monitor vital signs. Providing adequate hydration. Observing for side effects. Administering medication at regular intervals. Advising patients with asthma to wear a medical bracelet.
Montelukast (Singulair) is an example of:
Leukotriene receptor antagonist
Effects: dizziness, HA, confusion, GI distress, depression, weakness, infection, elevated liver enzymes
Interactions: NSAIDS, St. John’s Wort
Drug interactions of Leukotriene receptor antagonists include:
ASA, other NSAIDs, and St. John’s wort
Montelukast is used to:
Prevent exercise-induced asthma attacks
True or False: Montelukast can increase liver enzymes.
True
Budesonide (Pulmicort), Fluticasone (Flovent), and Mometasone (Asmanex) are examples of:
Glucocorticoids
Effects: hoarseness, thrush, hyperglycemia, superinfections, fluid retention
True or False: Cromolyn is used to treat acute asthma attacks.
False
Acetylcysteine helps with lower respiratory tract disorders by:
Liquefying and loosening thick mucus secretions
Administration: administer by nebulizer 5 minutes after a bronchodilator
Effects: stomatitis, rhinorrhea, N/V
Dornase alfa (pulmozyme) is used to treat:
Cystic fibrosis
Action: digest DNA in thick sputum secretions of patients with CF
Effects: sore throat, laryngitis, hoarseness, chest pain
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is used to treat:
Mild to moderate acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis caused by an infection
