Lower Respiratory Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

A major category of lower respiratory tract disorders, caused by airway obstruction with increased airway resistance of airflow to lung tissues

A

COPD

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2
Q

A decrease in total lung capacity as a result of fluid accumulation or loss of elasticity of the lung

A

Restrictive lung disease

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3
Q

Abnormal dilation of the bronchi and bronchioles secondary to frequent infection and inflammation

A

Bronchiectasis

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4
Q

Results when lung tissue is exposed to extrinsic or intrinsic factors that stimulate a bronchoconstrictive response

A

Bronchospasm

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5
Q

Characterized by bronchospasm, wheezing, mucus secretions, and dyspnea; one of the lung diseases of COPD

A

Bronchial asthma

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6
Q

A progressive lung disease caused by smoking or chronic lung infections

A

Chronic bronchitis

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7
Q

A progressive lung disease caused by cigarette smoking, atmospheric contaminants, or lack of the alpha1-antitrypsin protein that inhibits proteolytic enzymes that destroy alveoli

A

Emphysema

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8
Q

COPD can be caused by:

A

Chronic bronchitis, Bronchiectasis, Emphysema, and asthma

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9
Q

Restrictive lung disease can be caused by:

A

Pulmonary edema, pulmonary fibrosis, pneumonitis, lung tumors, thoracic deformities, myasthenia gravis

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10
Q

Asthma is characterized by:

A

Inflammation and constriction of airways

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11
Q

Asthma attacks can be triggered by:

A

Environmental changes, stress, pollutants, allergic substances, drugs (ASA, NSAIDs).

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12
Q

Chronic bronchitis is characterized by:

A

Bronchial inflammation and excessive mucus secretions

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13
Q

Chronic bronchitis is usually caused by:

A

Smoking, chronic lung infections

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14
Q

Bronchiectasis is characterized by:

A

Abnormal dilation of bronchi and bronchioles

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15
Q

Emphysema is characterized by:

A

Alveolar wall destruction and air trapping

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16
Q

True or False: Emphysema can be cured.

A

False

17
Q

The uses for epinephrine related to the respiratory system include:

A

Acute bronchospasm, asthma, anaphylaxis, angioedema
Effects: dizziness, tremors, nervousness, hypertension, angina, palpitations, restlessness, tachycardia, dysrhythmias

18
Q

True or False: Epinephrine is nonselective, producing many cardiac and pulmonary effects.

A

True

19
Q

Which route of medication administration for respiratory disorders has a quicker onset of action and fewer systemic effects?

A

Inhalation

20
Q

Albuterol is what type of medication?

A

Selective Beta Adrenergic (Agonist)
Effects: tachycardia, HA, rhinitis, excitability, tremors, hyperglycemia, bronchospasms, palpitations

21
Q

Overuse of albuterol include:

A

Bronchospasm and tachycardia

22
Q

True or False: Albuterol can cause hypoglycemia.

A

False, it can cause hyperglycemia

23
Q

Tiotropium (Spiriva) & Ipatropium (Atrovent) is an example of:

A

Bronchodilator Anticholinergic
Effects: dry mouth, constipation, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, insomnia, HA, pharyngitis, sinusitis, infection, arthralgia, peripheral edema

24
Q

True or False: Tiotropium is used prophylactically to treat COPD

A

True

25
Q

Theophylline & Aminophylline is an example of:

A

Methylxanthine deritive
Effects: Dizziness, HA, irritability, restlessness, GI distress, seizure, insomnia, tachycardia, palpitations, hypotension, dysrhythmias, hyperglycemia, decreased clotting
Range: 5-15 toxic greater than 20

26
Q

True or False: Theophylline has a narrow therapeutic range.

A

True

27
Q

Theophylline will have a decreased half-life in:

A

Smokers and children

28
Q

True or False: Caffeine is an methylxanthine derivative

A

True

29
Q

Nursing Interventions related to Bronchodilators include:

A

Monitor vital signs. Providing adequate hydration. Observing for side effects. Administering medication at regular intervals. Advising patients with asthma to wear a medical bracelet.

30
Q

Montelukast (Singulair) is an example of:

A

Leukotriene receptor antagonist
Effects: dizziness, HA, confusion, GI distress, depression, weakness, infection, elevated liver enzymes
Interactions: NSAIDS, St. John’s Wort

31
Q

Drug interactions of Leukotriene receptor antagonists include:

A

ASA, other NSAIDs, and St. John’s wort

32
Q

Montelukast is used to:

A

Prevent exercise-induced asthma attacks

33
Q

True or False: Montelukast can increase liver enzymes.

A

True

34
Q

Budesonide (Pulmicort), Fluticasone (Flovent), and Mometasone (Asmanex) are examples of:

A

Glucocorticoids
Effects: hoarseness, thrush, hyperglycemia, superinfections, fluid retention

35
Q

True or False: Cromolyn is used to treat acute asthma attacks.

A

False

36
Q

Acetylcysteine helps with lower respiratory tract disorders by:

A

Liquefying and loosening thick mucus secretions
Administration: administer by nebulizer 5 minutes after a bronchodilator
Effects: stomatitis, rhinorrhea, N/V

37
Q

Dornase alfa (pulmozyme) is used to treat:

A

Cystic fibrosis
Action: digest DNA in thick sputum secretions of patients with CF
Effects: sore throat, laryngitis, hoarseness, chest pain

38
Q

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is used to treat:

A

Mild to moderate acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis caused by an infection

39
Q
A