Diuretics Flashcards
Agents used to decrease hypertension and edema
Diuretics
Increased urine flow
Diuresis
Sodium loss in the urine
Natriuresis
Diuretics that promote potassium excretion
Potassium-wasting diuretics
Diuretics that promote potassium retention
Potassium-sparing diuretics
Elevated serum uric acid level
Hyperuricemia
Sodium-chloride losing
Saluretic
An agent with a sodium-losing effect
Natriuretic
Describes the concentration of fluids
Osmolality
Where do thiazides work?
On the distal convoluted renal tubule
How do thiazides affect electrolytes?
They cause hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hypomagnesemia, and hypercalcemia.
True or False: Thiazides should not be used in patients with renal failure.
True
Thiazides interact with:
Digoxin, Gingko, licorice, Hawthorn, and Lithium
True or False: Patients taking thiazide diuretics should avoid foods high in potassium.
False
Loop diuretics act on:
The ascending loop of Henle
True or False: Loop diuretics are used when a patient needs immediate removal of excess fluid.
True
Which diuretic can cause ototoxicity?
Loop diuretics
True or False: Taking loop diuretics and steroids can cause increased potassium loss.
True
Lasix is which type of diuretic?
Loop diuretic
Mannitol is which type of diuretic?
Osmotic diuretic
Action: increases sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule and loop of Henle
Use: decreases ICP and IOP and excretion of toxic substances and kidney failure
Effects: fluid and electrolyte imbalances, blurred vision, acidosis
Osmotic diuretics act where?
The proximal tubule and loop of Henle
Osmotic diuretics are used for
Preventing kidney failure and decreasing ICP and IOP.
Methazolamide and Acetazolamide are which types of diuretic?
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
Action: block action of enzyme carbonic anhydrase
Use: decrease IOP in patients with open-angle (chronic) glaucoma
Effects: orthostatic hypotension, crystalluria, renal calculi, metabolic acidosis
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors work by:
Blocking the action of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase.
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors cause excretion of:
Sodium, potassium and bicarbonate
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors can have what negative effects on the kidneys/urinary system?
Crystalluria and Renal calculi
Spironolactone is which type of diuretic?
Potassium-sparing diuretic
Action: block action of aldosterone, promote water/sodium excretion, potassium retention
Use: edema due to HF and cirrhosis of the liver
Combination with another diuretic
Effects: hyperkalemia, photosensitivity, hyperuricemia, and paresthesia
Potassium-sparing diuretics work where?
Collecting ducts
Potassium-sparing diuretics work by:
Blocking the action of aldosterone
True or False: Potassium-sparing diuretics cause hypokalemia.
False, causes hyperkalemia
True or False: Potassium-sparing diuretics should not be used in patients with renal failure.
True
Diuretics that can cause hyperuricemia include:
Thiazide and Loop diuretics
