Diuretics

Question 1

Agents used to decrease hypertension and edema

Answer 1

Diuretics

Question 2

Increased urine flow

Answer 2

Diuresis

Question 3

Sodium loss in the urine

Answer 3

Natriuresis

Question 4

Diuretics that promote potassium excretion

Answer 4

Potassium-wasting diuretics

Question 5

Diuretics that promote potassium retention

Answer 5

Potassium-sparing diuretics

Question 6

Elevated serum uric acid level

Answer 6

Hyperuricemia

Question 7

Sodium-chloride losing

Answer 7

Saluretic

Question 8

An agent with a sodium-losing effect

Answer 8

Natriuretic

Question 9

Describes the concentration of fluids

Answer 9

Osmolality

Question 10

Where do thiazides work?

Answer 10

On the distal convoluted renal tubule

Question 11

How do thiazides affect electrolytes?

Answer 11

They cause hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hypomagnesemia, and hypercalcemia.

Question 12

True or False: Thiazides should not be used in patients with renal failure.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

Thiazides interact with:

Answer 13

Digoxin, Gingko, licorice, Hawthorn, and Lithium

Question 14

True or False: Patients taking thiazide diuretics should avoid foods high in potassium.

Answer 14

False

Question 15

Loop diuretics act on:

Answer 15

The ascending loop of Henle

Question 16

True or False: Loop diuretics are used when a patient needs immediate removal of excess fluid.

Answer 16

True

Question 17

Which diuretic can cause ototoxicity?

Answer 17

Loop diuretics

Question 18

True or False: Taking loop diuretics and steroids can cause increased potassium loss.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

Lasix is which type of diuretic?

Answer 19

Loop diuretic

Question 20

Mannitol is which type of diuretic?

Answer 20

Osmotic diuretic
Action: increases sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule and loop of Henle
Use: decreases ICP and IOP and excretion of toxic substances and kidney failure
Effects: fluid and electrolyte imbalances, blurred vision, acidosis

Question 21

Osmotic diuretics act where?

Answer 21

The proximal tubule and loop of Henle

Question 22

Osmotic diuretics are used for

Answer 22

Preventing kidney failure and decreasing ICP and IOP.

Question 23

Methazolamide and Acetazolamide are which types of diuretic?

Answer 23

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
Action: block action of enzyme carbonic anhydrase
Use: decrease IOP in patients with open-angle (chronic) glaucoma
Effects: orthostatic hypotension, crystalluria, renal calculi, metabolic acidosis

Question 24

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors work by:

Answer 24

Blocking the action of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase.

Question 25

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors cause excretion of:

Answer 25

Sodium, potassium and bicarbonate

Question 26

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors can have what negative effects on the kidneys/urinary system?

Answer 26

Crystalluria and Renal calculi

Question 27

Spironolactone is which type of diuretic?

Answer 27

Potassium-sparing diuretic
Action: block action of aldosterone, promote water/sodium excretion, potassium retention
Use: edema due to HF and cirrhosis of the liver
Combination with another diuretic
Effects: hyperkalemia, photosensitivity, hyperuricemia, and paresthesia

Question 28

Potassium-sparing diuretics work where?

Answer 28

Collecting ducts

Question 29

Potassium-sparing diuretics work by:

Answer 29

Blocking the action of aldosterone

Question 30

True or False: Potassium-sparing diuretics cause hypokalemia.

Answer 30

False, causes hyperkalemia

Question 31

True or False: Potassium-sparing diuretics should not be used in patients with renal failure.

Answer 31

True

Question 32

Diuretics that can cause hyperuricemia include:

Answer 32

Thiazide and Loop diuretics