Drugs for Parkinsonism and Alzheimer Disease Flashcards
A chronic, progressive neurologic disorder that affects the extrapyramidal motor tract, which controls posture, balance, and locomotion
Parkinson Disease
Slow movement
Bradykinesia
A chronic, progressive, neurodegenerative condition with marked cognitive dysfunction
Alzheimer Disease
Frequently occurs as an adverse reaction to chlorpromazine, haloperidol, lithium, metoclopramide, methyldopa, and reserpine
Pseudoparkinsonism
Drugs that stimulate dopamine receptors
Dopamine agonists
Impaired voluntary movement
Dyskinesia
The 5 categories of drugs used to treat Parkinson’s include:
- Anticholinergics 2. Dopamine replacements 3. Dopamine agonists 4. MAO-B inhibitors 5. COMT inhibitors
Benztropine and trihexypenidyl are examples of which type of antiparkinson drug?
Anticholinergic
Anticholinergics block the effect of which neurotransmitter?
Acetylcholine
Side effects of anticholinergics include:
Blurred vision, ocular hypertension, weakness, dry mouth, constipation, anhidrosis, and urinary retention
Carbidopa-levodopa is an example of which type of antiparkinson drug?
Dopaminergic
True or False: Unlike dopamine, levodopa can cross the blood brain barrier.
True
Side effects of dopaminergics include:
Fatigue, insomnia, dry mouth, blurred vision, orthostatic hypostension, palpitations, dysrhythmias, GI distress, urinary retention, psychosis, severe depression, agranulocytosis.
True or False: Patients should take dopaminergics with high protein foods.
False
True or False: Bromocriptine may be useful for patients who cannot tolerate carbidopa-levodopa.
True
Selegiline is an example of which type of antiparkinson drug?
MAO-B inhibitor
MAO-B inhibitors work by:
inhibiting MAO-B, the enzyme that breaks down dopamine.
Tolcapone and Entacapone are examples of which type of Antiparkinson drugs?
COMT inhibitors
COMT inhibitors work by:
inhibiting the enzyme that inactivates dopamine
True or False: Entacapone is less hepatotoxic than Tolcapone.
True
True or False: Patients taking Entacapone should report discolored urine to their health care provider right away.
False
Rivastigmine is an example of which type of Alzheimer’s drug?
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
Side effects of anticholinesterases include:
Dizziness, headache, confusion, depression, dry mouth, GI distress, dehydration, weight loss, bradycardia, orthostatic hypotension, dysrhythmias, hepatotoxicity, suicidal ideation, Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Memantine is an example of which type of Alzheimer’s drug?
NMDA receptor antagonist
NMDA receptor antagonists block effects of which neurotransmitter?
Glutamate
True or False: NMDA receptor antagonists have fewer side effects than cholinesterase inhibitors.
True
How does bromocriptine work?
It acts directly on dopamine receptors in CNS, cardiovascular system & GI tract.
What kinds of foods should be avoided with Selegiline?
Foods high in tyramine (cheese, banana, red wine, beer)
