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Nursing Pharmacology > Cardiac Glycosides, Antianginals, and Antidysrhythmics > Flashcards

Cardiac Glycosides, Antianginals, and Antidysrhythmics Flashcards

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1
Q

Occurs when the heart muscle does not pump blood as well as it should

A

Congestive heart failure

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2
Q

Drugs that inhibit the sodium-potassium pump, which results in an increase in intracellular sodium

A

Cardiac glycosides

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3
Q

Action that increased myocardial contraction stroke volume

A

Inotropic

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4
Q

An action that decreases conduction of heart cells

A

Dromotropic

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5
Q

Cardiac dysrhythmia with rapid uncoordinated contractions of the atrial myocardium

A

Atrial fibrillation

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6
Q

Medicines that relieve the symptoms of angina pectoris

A

Antianginal drugs

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7
Q

Peripheral vascular resistance

A

Afterload

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8
Q

Agents used for the treatment of stable and variant angina pectoris, certain dysrhythmias, and hypertension

A

Calcium channel blockers

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9
Q

The first agents used to relieve angina

A

Nitrates

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10
Q

Amount of blood in the ventricles of the heart at the end of diastole

A

Preload

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11
Q

Lack of blood supply to the heart muscle

A

Myocardial Ischemia

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12
Q

Drugs that restore the cardiac rhythm to normal

A

Antidysrrhythmic drugs

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13
Q

Any deviation from the normal rate or pattern of the heartbeat

A

Cardiac dysrhythmia (arrhythmia)

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14
Q

Return of cell membrane potential to resting after depolarization

A

Repolarization

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15
Q

When sodium and calcium enter the cardiac cell and myocardial contraction occurs

A

Depolarization

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16
Q

Drugs that decrease the effects of the sympathetic nervous system by blocking the action of the catecholamines, epinephrine, and norepinephrine - caused a decrease in heart rate and blood pressure

A

Beta blockers

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17
Q

Nonpharmacological treatment for heart failure includes:

A

Limiting salt to <2g/day (1 tsp). Limiting alcohol to 1 drink/day or less. Restricting fluid intake. Quitting smoking. Decreasing saturated fat intake. Mild exercise.

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18
Q

Which lab is typically used to diagnose HF?

A

Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)

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19
Q

How do cardiac glycosides affect heart function?

A
  1. Positive inotropic (increase myocardial contractility)
  2. Negative chronotropic (decrease heart rate)
  3. Negative dromotropic (decrease conduction)
  4. Increase stroke volume (increase cardiac output)
20
Q

What is the therapeutic level of Digoxin?

A

0.8-2.0 ng/mL

21
Q

What are the symptoms of digoxin toxicity?

A

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, blurred vision, green or yellow halo, headache, confusion, delirium, bradycardia, PVCs, cardiac dysrhythmias

22
Q

What medication can we give for Digoxin toxicity?

A

Digoxin immune fab

23
Q

True or False: Hypokalemia will increase the likelihood of digoxin toxicity.

A

True

24
Q

Drugs that interact with digoxin include:

A

Diuretics, cortisone, and antacids

25
Q

Milrinone lactate (Primacor) is an example of a:

A

Phosphodiesterase inhibitor

26
Q

Phosphodiesterase inhibitors work by:

A
  1. Causing a positive inotropic effect. 2. Increasing stroke volume. 3. Promoting vasodilation
27
Q

What effects do vasodilators and arteriolar dilators have on preload and afterload?

A

Vasodilators decrease preload. Arteriolar dilators decrease afterload.

28
Q

Besides cardiac glycosides and phosphodiesterase inhibitors, what other drugs do we use to treat HF?

A

ACE inhibitors, ARBs, Diuretics, and Beta Blockers

29
Q

What are the different types of angina?

A

Classic (stable), Unstable (preinfarction), and Variant (Prinzmetal, vasospastic)

30
Q

Describe class angina

A

Occurs with predictable stress or exertion

31
Q

Describe unstable angina

A

Occurs frequently with progressive severity unrelated to activity; unpredictable

32
Q

Describe variant angina

A

Occurs during rest; caused by vasospasm

33
Q

What are nonpharmacological ways to control angina?

A

Avoiding heavy meals, smoking, extreme weather changes, strenuous exercise, emotional upset, and alcohol.

34
Q

How do nitrates work?

A

They promote vasodilation and decrease preload and afterload.

35
Q

What are the most common side effects of nitrates?

A

Headache and hypotension

36
Q

Why do we usually give nitro sublingual?

A

Due to its extensive 1st pass metabolism

37
Q

How do beta blockers help heart failure?

A

Decrease force of myocardial contraction and heart rate, which decreases the workload of the heart.

38
Q

Are atenolol and metoprolol selective or nonselective beta blockers?

A

Selective

39
Q

Verapamil, nifedipine, and diltiazem are examples of:

A

Calcium channel blockers

40
Q

How do calcium channel blockers affect the heart?

A

They relax coronary arteries, cause a negative inotropic effect, thus reducing cardiac workload and oxygen demand.

41
Q

Which calcium channel blocker is most likely to cause hypotension?

A

Nifedipine

42
Q

What patient education should be provided regarding administration of nitroglycerin?

A

Take sublingual nitro if chest pain occurs per prescribers instructions. Take the first dose while sitting or lying down. If chest pain is not relieved, call 911.

43
Q

The 4 classes of antidysrhythmic drugs are:

A
  1. Sodium channel blockers
  2. Beta blockers
  3. Drugs that prolong repolarization
  4. Calcium channel blockers
44
Q

Quinidine, Flecainamide, lidocaine, and procainamide are examples of:

A

Sodium channel blockers

45
Q

Amiodarone is an example of:

A

A drug that prolongs repolarization

46
Q

Which 2 types of drugs used to treat dysrhythmias have similar effects on the heart?

A

Beta blockers and calcium channel blockers

47
Q
A

Nursing Pharmacology (40 decks)

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