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Nursing Pharmacology > Pituitary, Thyroid, Parathyroid, and Adrenal Disorders > Flashcards

Pituitary, Thyroid, Parathyroid, and Adrenal Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Another name for the pituitary gland

A

Hypophysis

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2
Q

Another name for anterior pituitary gland

A

Adenohypophysis

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3
Q

Excessive growth during childhood

A

Gigantism

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4
Q

Excessive growth after puberty

A

Acromegaly

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5
Q

An endocrine hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the release of glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and androgen from the adrenal cortex and epinephrine and norepinephrine from the adrenal medulla

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

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6
Q

A protein hormone of the anterior pituitary that induces lactation

A

Prolactin (PRL)

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7
Q

Another name for posterior pituitary gland

A

Neurohypophysis

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8
Q

A hormone made by the hypothalamus in the brain and stored in the posterior pituitary gland

A

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

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9
Q

A rare condition in which the kidneys are not able to conserve water

A

Diabetes Insipidus

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10
Q

A condition in which excessive water retention expands the intracellular and intravascular volume

A

Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)

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11
Q

A decrease in thyroid hormone secretion

A

Hypothyroidism

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12
Q

Severe hypothyroidism in the adult

A

Myxedema

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13
Q

An increase in circulating T3 and T4 levels, which usually results from an overactive thyroid gland or excessive output of thyroid hormones from one or both thyroid nodules

A

Hyperthyroidism

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14
Q

The most common type of hyperthyroidism caused by hyperfunction of the thyroid gland

A

Graves disease

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15
Q

A hormone that regulates serum calcium levels

A

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

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16
Q

Consist of the adrenal medulla and adrenal cortex

A

Adrenal glands

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17
Q

An endocrine disorder of the adrenal glands causing adrenal hyposecretion of hormones

A

Addison disease

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18
Q

An endocrine disorder of the adrenal glands causing adrenal hypersecretion of its hormones

A

Cushing syndrome

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19
Q

Most potent endogenous cortisol produced by the adrenal cortex

A

Glucocorticoid

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20
Q

A group of hormones, the most important being aldosterone, that regulate the balance of water and electrolytes in the body

A

Mineralocorticoids

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21
Q

Which hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary?

A

growth hormone (GH)
thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
gonadotropins (FSH & LH)
Prolactin (PRL)

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22
Q

Which hormones are secreted by the posterior pituitary?

A

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) & Oxytocin

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23
Q

What drug can we give for growth hormone deficiency?

A

Somatropin

24
Q

How can somatropin be administered?

A

IM or Subcut because its activated by GI enzymes

25
Q

True or False: Somatropin may be given to all children with short stature. It may also be given to teens and adults to build muscle.

26
Q

What is Prader-Willi syndrome?

A

It is a genetic disorder that causes short stature, obesity and intellectual disability. Somatropin is not given for this disorder.

27
Q

True or False: Corticosteroid administration is contraindicated with somatropin.

28
Q

What causes gigantism and acromegaly?

A

Excess growth hormone, often caused by a pituitary tumor. Gigantism is caused by excess GH in childhood. Acromegaly is caused by excess GH after puberty.

29
Q

What is Bromocriptine and what is it used for?

A

Bromocriptine is a dopamine agonist and it is used to inhibit secretion of GH by pituitary adenomas. Was once used to dry up milk supply in women who chose not to breastfeed.

30
Q

What secretes thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)?

A

The anterior pituitary

31
Q

What hormone can be extracted and purified and used to determine if hypothyroidism is primary or secondary?

A

Thyrotropin (another name for TSH)

32
Q

What synthetic hormone is used to diagnose adrenal disorders and how does it work?

A

Cosyntropin is synthetic ACTH. It normally stimulates production of cortisol and androgens. If this does not occur, it indicates adrenal dysfunction. During this test, cortisol levels are measure before and 30-60 minutes after administration of cosyntropin.

33
Q

What are possible drug interactions with cortiocotropin?

A

Diuretics and penIcillin can cause hypokalemia.

34
Q

True or False: Too much corticotropin can cause Cushing Syndrome symptoms.

35
Q

What does excess prolactin cause in men vs. women?

A

Men - gynecomastia, lactation, decreased sperm production
Women - lactation unrelated to pregnancy; amenorrhea

36
Q

What medications can we administer for diabetes insipidus?

A

Vasopressin and desmopressin

37
Q

What syndrome does excessive ADH cause?

38
Q

What hormones does the thyroid gland produce?

A

Triiodothyronine (T3)
Thyroxine (T4)
Calcitonin

39
Q

What are the symptoms of myxedema?

A

Lethargy, memory impairment, slow speech, coarse voice, edema of eyelids and face, dry skin, cold intolerance, slow pulse, constipation, weight gain, and abnormal menses.

40
Q

What is the drug of choice for hypothyroidism?

A

Levothyroxine

41
Q

What is Liothyronine and how is it used?

A

It is synthetic T3. It is often used to treat myxedema over a short term, then the patient is switched to levothyroxine.

42
Q

What are drug interactions of Levothyroxine?

A

It increases the effects of anticoagulants. It decreases the effects of antidiabetics, digoxin, and beta blockers.

43
Q

What is radioactive iodine therapy used for and how does it work?

A

It is used for hyperthyroidism. The drug is taken up in the thyroid and destroys thyroid cells.

44
Q

What is the drug of choice for hyperthyroidism?

A

Methimazole

45
Q

What are symptoms of thyroid crisis or storm?

A

Tachycardia, dysrhythmias, fever, flushing, and confusion.
Late symptoms - hypotension and vascular collapse.

46
Q

Which foods interfere with absorption of thyroid hormones?

A

Soy products, cruciferous vegetables, iodized salt, shellfish, and coffee

47
Q

True or False: Brand name and generic thyroid drugs all have the same bioavailability.

48
Q

How do calcitonin and PTH affect calcium levels?

A

Calcitonin decreases calcium levels, while PTH increases calcium levels.

49
Q

What is Calcitriol and what is it used for?

A

It is a vitamin D analog and it is used for parathyroid hormone replacement.

50
Q

What are treatments for hyperparathyroidism?

A

Partial or full parathyroidectomy
Calcitonin-salmon
Calcimimetics
Biphosphates

51
Q

What does the adrenal medulla produce?

A

epinephrine and norepinephrine

52
Q

What does the adrenal cortex produce?

A

Glucocorticoids
Mineralocorticoids
Androgens

53
Q

What are long-term effects of glucocorticoid therapy?

A

Increased blood glucose, fat deposits in face, trunk, and upper back, thin arms and legs, edema, peptic ulcers, and growth retardation in children.

54
Q

Why do patients have to be tapered off of Prednisone?

A

Suddenly stopping can cause severe adrenocortical insufficiency.

55
Q

Why do patients taking Fludrocortisone have to be on a high protein diet?

A

High doses cause a negative nitrogen balance.

Nursing Pharmacology (40 decks)

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