Cholinergic Agonists and Antagonists

Question 1

The neurotransmitter located at the ganglions and the parasympathetic terminal nerve endings

Answer 1

Acetylcholine

Question 2

Receptors that stimulate smooth muscle and slow the heart rate

Answer 2

Muscarinic receptors

Question 3

Receptors that affect the skeletal muscles

Answer 3

Nicotinic receptors

Question 4

Drugs that act on receptors to activate a tissue response

Answer 4

Direct-acting cholinergic agonists

Question 5

Agents that inhibit the action of the enzyme cholinesterase

Answer 5

Indirect-acting cholinergic agonists

Question 6

May destroy acetylcholine before it reaches the receptor or after it has attached to the site

Answer 6

Cholinesterase (ChE)

Question 7

An enzyme responsible for breaking down acetylcholine; also known as cholinesterase

Answer 7

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)

Question 8

A constriction of the pupil and contraction of the ciliary muscle

Answer 8

Miosis

Question 9

A condition in which the pupils remain dilated for a prolonged duration

Answer 9

Mydriasis

Question 10

The parasympathetic nervous system innervates the:

Answer 10

Eyes, lungs, heart, blood vessels, GI tract, bladder, ad salivary glands

Question 11

Stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system causes:

Answer 11

Pupil constriction, bronchospasm, increased bronchial secretions, vasodilation, decreased blood pressure, increased GI peristalsis, bladder contraction, increased salivation.

Question 12

Metoclopramide, pilocarpine, and bethanechol are examples of:

Answer 12

Direct-acting cholinergic agonists

Question 13

Metoclopramide is primarily used for:

Answer 13

Gastroparesis, nausea, GERD

Question 14

Pilocarpine is primarily used to treat:

Answer 14

Glaucoma

Question 15

Bethanechol is primarily used to treat:

Answer 15

Urinary retention

Question 16

What are contraindications of Bethanechol?

Answer 16

Bradycardia, hypotension, COPD, asthma, peptic ulcers, parkinsonism, and hyperthyroidism.

Question 17

What kind of crisis can Bethanechol cause?

Answer 17

Cholinergic crisis

Question 18

What is the antidote for Bethanechol?

Answer 18

Atropine

Question 19

Neostigmine, Pyridostigmine, Ambenonium, Edrophonium, and Donepezil are examples of:

Answer 19

Reversible cholinesterase inhibitors

Question 20

Neostigmine, Pyridostigmine, and Ambenonium are used to treat what?

Answer 20

Myasthenia Gravis

Question 21

What is Edrophonium primarily used for?

Answer 21

Tensilon test - diagnoses Myasthenia Gravis

Question 22

Donepezil is used for what?

Answer 22

Alzheimer’s disease

Question 23

Anticholinergics cause what?

Answer 23

Increased HR, Bronchodilation, decreased secretions, relaxation of GI muscle, relaxation of bladder, dilation of pupils, decreased salivation, decreased tremors and rigidity of muscles.

Question 24

Atropine is what type of drug?

Answer 24

Anticholinergic

Question 25

Atropine is used to:

Answer 25

Increase heart rate; decrease GI secretions

Question 26

Anticholinergics, like atropine, are contraindicated in which condition affecting the eyes?

Answer 26

Glaucoma

Question 27

Benztropine is an example of:

Answer 27

An Antiparkinsonism anticholinergic

Question 28

The desired effect of Benztropine is:

Answer 28

Decreased involuntary movements, tremors, and rigidity

Question 29

Scopolamine is used to treat:

Answer 29

Motion sickness, nausea, vomiting