Cholinergic Agonists and Antagonists Flashcards
The neurotransmitter located at the ganglions and the parasympathetic terminal nerve endings
Acetylcholine
Receptors that stimulate smooth muscle and slow the heart rate
Muscarinic receptors
Receptors that affect the skeletal muscles
Nicotinic receptors
Drugs that act on receptors to activate a tissue response
Direct-acting cholinergic agonists
Agents that inhibit the action of the enzyme cholinesterase
Indirect-acting cholinergic agonists
May destroy acetylcholine before it reaches the receptor or after it has attached to the site
Cholinesterase (ChE)
An enzyme responsible for breaking down acetylcholine; also known as cholinesterase
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)
A constriction of the pupil and contraction of the ciliary muscle
Miosis
A condition in which the pupils remain dilated for a prolonged duration
Mydriasis
The parasympathetic nervous system innervates the:
Eyes, lungs, heart, blood vessels, GI tract, bladder, ad salivary glands
Stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system causes:
Pupil constriction, bronchospasm, increased bronchial secretions, vasodilation, decreased blood pressure, increased GI peristalsis, bladder contraction, increased salivation.
Metoclopramide, pilocarpine, and bethanechol are examples of:
Direct-acting cholinergic agonists
Metoclopramide is primarily used for:
Gastroparesis, nausea, GERD
Pilocarpine is primarily used to treat:
Glaucoma
Bethanechol is primarily used to treat:
Urinary retention
What are contraindications of Bethanechol?
Bradycardia, hypotension, COPD, asthma, peptic ulcers, parkinsonism, and hyperthyroidism.
What kind of crisis can Bethanechol cause?
Cholinergic crisis
What is the antidote for Bethanechol?
Atropine
Neostigmine, Pyridostigmine, Ambenonium, Edrophonium, and Donepezil are examples of:
Reversible cholinesterase inhibitors
Neostigmine, Pyridostigmine, and Ambenonium are used to treat what?
Myasthenia Gravis
What is Edrophonium primarily used for?
Tensilon test - diagnoses Myasthenia Gravis
Donepezil is used for what?
Alzheimer’s disease
Anticholinergics cause what?
Increased HR, Bronchodilation, decreased secretions, relaxation of GI muscle, relaxation of bladder, dilation of pupils, decreased salivation, decreased tremors and rigidity of muscles.
Atropine is what type of drug?
Anticholinergic
Atropine is used to:
Increase heart rate; decrease GI secretions
Anticholinergics, like atropine, are contraindicated in which condition affecting the eyes?
Glaucoma
Benztropine is an example of:
An Antiparkinsonism anticholinergic
The desired effect of Benztropine is:
Decreased involuntary movements, tremors, and rigidity
Scopolamine is used to treat:
Motion sickness, nausea, vomiting
