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Nursing Pharmacology > Anti-inflammatories > Flashcards

Anti-inflammatories Flashcards

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1
Q

Chemical mediators that have been isolated from the exudate at inflammatory sites

A

Prostaglandins

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2
Q

The enzyme responsible for converting arachidonic acid into prostaglandins and their products

A

Cylcooxygenase (COX)

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3
Q

Non-opioid analgesics taken for pain and inflammation

A

NSAIDS

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4
Q

Newer non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs that block only COX-2 and not COX-1

A

COX-2 inhibitors

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5
Q

Drugs that help alleviate the symptoms of rheumatic arthritis, also used in the treatment of MS

A

DMARDs

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6
Q

Agents used to treat refractory rheumatoid arthritis that does not respond to antiinflammatory drugs; also used to treat MS

A

Immunosuppressives

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7
Q

Agents used to treat moderate to severe RA by disrupting the inflammatory process and delaying disease progression; also used to treat MS

A

Immunomodulators (Anakinra & Infliximab)
Interleukin 1 receptor antagonists, tumor necrosis factor blockers
Also used for ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease

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8
Q

An inflammatory condition that attacks joints, tendons, and other tissues

A

Gout

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9
Q

Agents that increase the rate of uric acid excretion by inhibiting its reabsorption

A

Uricosurics

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10
Q

The three types of chemical mediators involved in inflammation are:

A

Histamine, kinins, and prostaglandins

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11
Q

True or False: Inflammation is always a result of an infection.

A

False

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12
Q

The cardinal signs of inflammation are:

A

Erythema, edema, heat, pain, and loss of function

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13
Q

The two phases of inflammation are:

A

Vascular and Delayed
Vascular stage lasts 10-15 min vasodilation and increased capillary permeability and fluid and blood substances move to injured site; delayed stage leukocytes infiltrate inflamed tissue

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14
Q

What happens in the Delayed Phase?

A

WBCs infiltrate the site of inflammation

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15
Q

What does COX 1 do?

A

Protects the lining of the stomach and helps regulate platelets

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16
Q

What does COX 2 do?

A

Triggers inflammation and pain

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17
Q

The 4 major types of Antiinflammatory drugs are:

A

NSAIDs, Corticosteroids, DMARDs, and Antigout drugs

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18
Q

True of False: First generation NSAIDs inhibit COX 1 and COX 2.

A

True

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19
Q

Aspirin is which type of NSAID?

A

Salicylate
mild toxicity greater than 30
severe toxicity greater than 50
Increase PT, bleeding time, INR, uric acid
Decreases cholesterol and T3 and T4 levels
Foods; prunes, licorice, raisins, curry, and paprika

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20
Q

Therapeutic serum level for aspirin is:

A

15-30 mg/dL

21
Q

Baby aspirin is primarily used to:

A

Decrease platelet aggregation

22
Q

True or False: It is okay to take aspirin throughout pregnancy.

A

False, it can cause premature closure of the ductus arteriosus

23
Q

Early signs of aspirin toxicity include:

A

Tinnitus, dizziness, and bronchospasm.

24
Q

True or False: It is okay to give children aspirin.

A

False, it can cause Reye’s syndrome

25
Q

Indomethacin, Sulindac, and Tolmetin are examples of:

A

Para-Chlorobenzoic acids

26
Q

Common side effects of Indomethacin include:

A

Dizziness, headache, weakness, GI distress and bleeding, sodium and water retention, hypertension

27
Q

Ketorolac is an example of:

A

Phenylacetic acid derivative

28
Q

True or False: Ketorolac (Toradol) is often used for long-term pain management.

A

False
Used for short-term, No antipyretic effect

29
Q

Ibuprofen and Naproxen are examples of:

A

Propionic Acid Derivatives
Effects: drowsiness, dizziness, HA, confusion, insomnia, dreams, blurred vision, tinnitus, gastric distress/bleeding, and edema

30
Q

True or False: Ibuprofen causes less GI irritation than aspirin.

A

True

31
Q

Drug interactions of Propionic Acid Derivatives (Ibuprofen & Naproxen-Aleve) include:

A

Warfarin, phenytoin, sulfonamides, cephalosporins, aspirin.

32
Q

Meclofenamate and Mefenamic acid are examples of:

A

Fenamates
Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis
Effects; dizziness, HA, tinnitus, pruritus, GI distress/bleeding, edema

33
Q

True or False: Oxicams have a long half-life.

A

True
(Meloxicam)

34
Q

Celecoxib is what kind of NSAID?

A

Selective COX 2 inhibitor
Effects: dizziness, HA, sinusitis, peripheral edema, and hypertension

35
Q

True or False: Celecoxib causes GI distress and decreased platelet aggregation.

A

False

36
Q

Prednisone, Prednisolone, Cortisone, and Methylprednisolone are what?

A

Corticosteroids
Effects: HA, fever, chills, insomnia, oral ulcerations, nasopharyngitis, influenza, sinusitis, GI distress, fatigue, infection, peripheral edema, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, injection site reaction

37
Q

True or False: Corticosteroids are used for acute arthritis flare ups.

A

True

38
Q

Side effects of corticosteroids include:

A

Adrenal insufficiency, osteoporosis, infection, hyperglycemia, fluid and electrolyte disturbances, growth delay in children, peptic ulcer disease.

39
Q

The three types of DMARDs are:

A

Immunosuppressive agents, Immunomodulators, and Antimalarials

40
Q

Methotrexate is which type of DMARD?

A

Immunosuppressive

41
Q

Anakinra and Infliximab are which type of DMARD?

A

Immunomodulators

42
Q

True or False: Infliximab can cause blood dyscrasias, liver impairment, and kidney impairment.

A

True

43
Q

Hydroxychloroquine is which type of DMARD?

A

Antimalarial
May take up to 4-12 weeks to see effects

44
Q

Gout is caused by an increase in what?

A

Uric acid
Avoid foods containing purine; organ meats, sardines, salmon, gravy, herring, liver, meat soups, and alcohol (beer esp)

45
Q

True or False: Those taking gout meds should drink plenty of fluid.

A

True

46
Q

True or False: Colchicine is used to prevent gout attacks.

A

False
Alleviates gout attacks
Contraindications; severe renal, cardiac, and, GI problems

47
Q

True or False: Allopurinol and Febuxostat are used to prevent gout attacks.

A

True
Uric acid inhibitors
Effects: dizziness, HA, GI distress/bleeding/perforation, arthralgia, fatigue, bradycardia, peripheral neuropathy

48
Q

Probenecid is which type of gout med?

A

Uricosuric
Effects; flushed skin, fever, dizziness, HA, GI distress, and kidney stones

49
Q
A

Nursing Pharmacology (40 decks)

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