Anti-inflammatories

Question 1

Chemical mediators that have been isolated from the exudate at inflammatory sites

Answer 1

Prostaglandins

Question 2

The enzyme responsible for converting arachidonic acid into prostaglandins and their products

Answer 2

Cylcooxygenase (COX)

Question 3

Non-opioid analgesics taken for pain and inflammation

Answer 3

NSAIDS

Question 4

Newer non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs that block only COX-2 and not COX-1

Answer 4

COX-2 inhibitors

Question 5

Drugs that help alleviate the symptoms of rheumatic arthritis, also used in the treatment of MS

Answer 5

DMARDs

Question 6

Agents used to treat refractory rheumatoid arthritis that does not respond to antiinflammatory drugs; also used to treat MS

Answer 6

Immunosuppressives

Question 7

Agents used to treat moderate to severe RA by disrupting the inflammatory process and delaying disease progression; also used to treat MS

Answer 7

Immunomodulators (Anakinra & Infliximab)
Interleukin 1 receptor antagonists, tumor necrosis factor blockers
Also used for ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease

Question 8

An inflammatory condition that attacks joints, tendons, and other tissues

Answer 8

Gout

Question 9

Agents that increase the rate of uric acid excretion by inhibiting its reabsorption

Answer 9

Uricosurics

Question 10

The three types of chemical mediators involved in inflammation are:

Answer 10

Histamine, kinins, and prostaglandins

Question 11

True or False: Inflammation is always a result of an infection.

Answer 11

False

Question 12

The cardinal signs of inflammation are:

Answer 12

Erythema, edema, heat, pain, and loss of function

Question 13

The two phases of inflammation are:

Answer 13

Vascular and Delayed
Vascular stage lasts 10-15 min vasodilation and increased capillary permeability and fluid and blood substances move to injured site; delayed stage leukocytes infiltrate inflamed tissue

Question 14

What happens in the Delayed Phase?

Answer 14

WBCs infiltrate the site of inflammation

Question 15

What does COX 1 do?

Answer 15

Protects the lining of the stomach and helps regulate platelets

Question 16

What does COX 2 do?

Answer 16

Triggers inflammation and pain

Question 17

The 4 major types of Antiinflammatory drugs are:

Answer 17

NSAIDs, Corticosteroids, DMARDs, and Antigout drugs

Question 18

True of False: First generation NSAIDs inhibit COX 1 and COX 2.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

Aspirin is which type of NSAID?

Answer 19

Salicylate
mild toxicity greater than 30
severe toxicity greater than 50
Increase PT, bleeding time, INR, uric acid
Decreases cholesterol and T3 and T4 levels
Foods; prunes, licorice, raisins, curry, and paprika

Question 20

Therapeutic serum level for aspirin is:

Answer 20

15-30 mg/dL

Question 21

Baby aspirin is primarily used to:

Answer 21

Decrease platelet aggregation

Question 22

True or False: It is okay to take aspirin throughout pregnancy.

Answer 22

False, it can cause premature closure of the ductus arteriosus

Question 23

Early signs of aspirin toxicity include:

Answer 23

Tinnitus, dizziness, and bronchospasm.

Question 24

True or False: It is okay to give children aspirin.

Answer 24

False, it can cause Reye’s syndrome

Question 25

Indomethacin, Sulindac, and Tolmetin are examples of:

Answer 25

Para-Chlorobenzoic acids

Question 26

Common side effects of Indomethacin include:

Answer 26

Dizziness, headache, weakness, GI distress and bleeding, sodium and water retention, hypertension

Question 27

Ketorolac is an example of:

Answer 27

Phenylacetic acid derivative

Question 28

True or False: Ketorolac (Toradol) is often used for long-term pain management.

Answer 28

False Used for short-term, No antipyretic effect

Question 29

Ibuprofen and Naproxen are examples of:

Answer 29

Propionic Acid Derivatives Effects: drowsiness, dizziness, HA, confusion, insomnia, dreams, blurred vision, tinnitus, gastric distress/bleeding, and edema

Question 30

True or False: Ibuprofen causes less GI irritation than aspirin.

Answer 30

True

Question 31

Drug interactions of Propionic Acid Derivatives (Ibuprofen & Naproxen-Aleve) include:

Answer 31

Warfarin, phenytoin, sulfonamides, cephalosporins, aspirin.

Question 32

Meclofenamate and Mefenamic acid are examples of:

Answer 32

Fenamates Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis Effects; dizziness, HA, tinnitus, pruritus, GI distress/bleeding, edema

Question 33

True or False: Oxicams have a long half-life.

Answer 33

True (Meloxicam)

Question 34

Celecoxib is what kind of NSAID?

Answer 34

Selective COX 2 inhibitor Effects: dizziness, HA, sinusitis, peripheral edema, and hypertension

Question 35

True or False: Celecoxib causes GI distress and decreased platelet aggregation.

Answer 35

False

Question 36

Prednisone, Prednisolone, Cortisone, and Methylprednisolone are what?

Answer 36

Corticosteroids Effects: HA, fever, chills, insomnia, oral ulcerations, nasopharyngitis, influenza, sinusitis, GI distress, fatigue, infection, peripheral edema, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, injection site reaction

Question 37

True or False: Corticosteroids are used for acute arthritis flare ups.

Answer 37

True

Question 38

Side effects of corticosteroids include:

Answer 38

Adrenal insufficiency, osteoporosis, infection, hyperglycemia, fluid and electrolyte disturbances, growth delay in children, peptic ulcer disease.

Question 39

The three types of DMARDs are:

Answer 39

Immunosuppressive agents, Immunomodulators, and Antimalarials

Question 40

Methotrexate is which type of DMARD?

Answer 40

Immunosuppressive

Question 41

Anakinra and Infliximab are which type of DMARD?

Answer 41

Immunomodulators

Question 42

True or False: Infliximab can cause blood dyscrasias, liver impairment, and kidney impairment.

Answer 42

True

Question 43

Hydroxychloroquine is which type of DMARD?

Answer 43

Antimalarial May take up to 4-12 weeks to see effects

Question 44

Gout is caused by an increase in what?

Answer 44

Uric acid Avoid foods containing purine; organ meats, sardines, salmon, gravy, herring, liver, meat soups, and alcohol (beer esp)

Question 45

True or False: Those taking gout meds should drink plenty of fluid.

Answer 45

True

Question 46

True or False: Colchicine is used to prevent gout attacks.

Answer 46

False Alleviates gout attacks Contraindications; severe renal, cardiac, and, GI problems

Question 47

True or False: Allopurinol and Febuxostat are used to prevent gout attacks.

Answer 47

True Uric acid inhibitors Effects: dizziness, HA, GI distress/bleeding/perforation, arthralgia, fatigue, bradycardia, peripheral neuropathy

Question 48

Probenecid is which type of gout med?

Answer 48

Uricosuric Effects; flushed skin, fever, dizziness, HA, GI distress, and kidney stones