Anti-inflammatories Flashcards
Chemical mediators that have been isolated from the exudate at inflammatory sites
Prostaglandins
The enzyme responsible for converting arachidonic acid into prostaglandins and their products
Cylcooxygenase (COX)
Non-opioid analgesics taken for pain and inflammation
NSAIDS
Newer non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs that block only COX-2 and not COX-1
COX-2 inhibitors
Drugs that help alleviate the symptoms of rheumatic arthritis, also used in the treatment of MS
DMARDs
Agents used to treat refractory rheumatoid arthritis that does not respond to antiinflammatory drugs; also used to treat MS
Immunosuppressives
Agents used to treat moderate to severe RA by disrupting the inflammatory process and delaying disease progression; also used to treat MS
Immunomodulators (Anakinra & Infliximab)
Interleukin 1 receptor antagonists, tumor necrosis factor blockers
Also used for ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease
An inflammatory condition that attacks joints, tendons, and other tissues
Gout
Agents that increase the rate of uric acid excretion by inhibiting its reabsorption
Uricosurics
The three types of chemical mediators involved in inflammation are:
Histamine, kinins, and prostaglandins
True or False: Inflammation is always a result of an infection.
False
The cardinal signs of inflammation are:
Erythema, edema, heat, pain, and loss of function
The two phases of inflammation are:
Vascular and Delayed
Vascular stage lasts 10-15 min vasodilation and increased capillary permeability and fluid and blood substances move to injured site; delayed stage leukocytes infiltrate inflamed tissue
What happens in the Delayed Phase?
WBCs infiltrate the site of inflammation
What does COX 1 do?
Protects the lining of the stomach and helps regulate platelets
What does COX 2 do?
Triggers inflammation and pain
The 4 major types of Antiinflammatory drugs are:
NSAIDs, Corticosteroids, DMARDs, and Antigout drugs
True of False: First generation NSAIDs inhibit COX 1 and COX 2.
True
Aspirin is which type of NSAID?
Salicylate
mild toxicity greater than 30
severe toxicity greater than 50
Increase PT, bleeding time, INR, uric acid
Decreases cholesterol and T3 and T4 levels
Foods; prunes, licorice, raisins, curry, and paprika
Therapeutic serum level for aspirin is:
15-30 mg/dL
Baby aspirin is primarily used to:
Decrease platelet aggregation
True or False: It is okay to take aspirin throughout pregnancy.
False, it can cause premature closure of the ductus arteriosus
Early signs of aspirin toxicity include:
Tinnitus, dizziness, and bronchospasm.
True or False: It is okay to give children aspirin.
False, it can cause Reye’s syndrome
Indomethacin, Sulindac, and Tolmetin are examples of:
Para-Chlorobenzoic acids
Common side effects of Indomethacin include:
Dizziness, headache, weakness, GI distress and bleeding, sodium and water retention, hypertension
Ketorolac is an example of:
Phenylacetic acid derivative
True or False: Ketorolac (Toradol) is often used for long-term pain management.
False
Used for short-term, No antipyretic effect
Ibuprofen and Naproxen are examples of:
Propionic Acid Derivatives
Effects: drowsiness, dizziness, HA, confusion, insomnia, dreams, blurred vision, tinnitus, gastric distress/bleeding, and edema
True or False: Ibuprofen causes less GI irritation than aspirin.
True
Drug interactions of Propionic Acid Derivatives (Ibuprofen & Naproxen-Aleve) include:
Warfarin, phenytoin, sulfonamides, cephalosporins, aspirin.
Meclofenamate and Mefenamic acid are examples of:
Fenamates
Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis
Effects; dizziness, HA, tinnitus, pruritus, GI distress/bleeding, edema
True or False: Oxicams have a long half-life.
True
(Meloxicam)
Celecoxib is what kind of NSAID?
Selective COX 2 inhibitor
Effects: dizziness, HA, sinusitis, peripheral edema, and hypertension
True or False: Celecoxib causes GI distress and decreased platelet aggregation.
False
Prednisone, Prednisolone, Cortisone, and Methylprednisolone are what?
Corticosteroids
Effects: HA, fever, chills, insomnia, oral ulcerations, nasopharyngitis, influenza, sinusitis, GI distress, fatigue, infection, peripheral edema, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, injection site reaction
True or False: Corticosteroids are used for acute arthritis flare ups.
True
Side effects of corticosteroids include:
Adrenal insufficiency, osteoporosis, infection, hyperglycemia, fluid and electrolyte disturbances, growth delay in children, peptic ulcer disease.
The three types of DMARDs are:
Immunosuppressive agents, Immunomodulators, and Antimalarials
Methotrexate is which type of DMARD?
Immunosuppressive
Anakinra and Infliximab are which type of DMARD?
Immunomodulators
True or False: Infliximab can cause blood dyscrasias, liver impairment, and kidney impairment.
True
Hydroxychloroquine is which type of DMARD?
Antimalarial
May take up to 4-12 weeks to see effects
Gout is caused by an increase in what?
Uric acid
Avoid foods containing purine; organ meats, sardines, salmon, gravy, herring, liver, meat soups, and alcohol (beer esp)
True or False: Those taking gout meds should drink plenty of fluid.
True
True or False: Colchicine is used to prevent gout attacks.
False
Alleviates gout attacks
Contraindications; severe renal, cardiac, and, GI problems
True or False: Allopurinol and Febuxostat are used to prevent gout attacks.
True
Uric acid inhibitors
Effects: dizziness, HA, GI distress/bleeding/perforation, arthralgia, fatigue, bradycardia, peripheral neuropathy
Probenecid is which type of gout med?
Uricosuric
Effects; flushed skin, fever, dizziness, HA, GI distress, and kidney stones
