Upper Respiratory Disorders Flashcards
how to prevent respiratory infections
wash hands
biggest transmitter
kids
we should educate elderly to
get vaccinations
obstructive sleep apnea
defintion
recurrent episodes of upper airway obstruction and reduction in ventilation
obstructive sleep apnea
risk factors
obesity
male gender
advanced age
post menopause
obstructive sleep apnea
clinical manifestions (3 s)
snoring
sleepiness (not getting quality rest)
significant other
obstructive sleep apnea
complications
HTN
MI
stroke
why might obstructive sleep apnea complications occur
SNS activation
obstructive sleep apnea
education
weight loss
avoid alcohol
positional (30 degrees)
CPAP
BiPAP
what occurs in obstructive sleep apnea when the SNS is acivated
increase HR
increase RR
vasoconstriction
what is epistaxis
nose bleed
epistaxis
IV
isotonic fluid
large bore
multiple
possible PRBC
epistaxis
risk factors
increase BP
injuries
blood thinners (elderly)
lack of clotting factors (hemophilia)
thrombocytopenia (decrease platelets)
liver failure (many clotting factors made in liver)
epistaxis
when is this serious
significant blood loss
air way compromise
epistaxis
treatment
vasoconstrictors
packing nasal cavity
epistaxis
head position
forward
epistaxis
site more likely to be intubated
posterior
epistaxis
time before calling 911
5 mins
epistaxis
assessment of bleeding
increase HR/RR
decrease BP
anxiety
decrease urine output
hemoglobin
turgor
pale
JVD
pulse paramters
epistaxis
lab tests
INR and PTT (clotting)
CBC (H&H)
epistaxis
patient teaching
avoid nasal trauma
nose picking
nose blowing
air humidification (dry air)
pressure on nose to stop bleeding
avoid spicy foods
laryngeal obstruction
causes
allergies
forgien body
heavy alcohol consumption
history
use of ACEI
recent throat pain/fever
history of surgery/trache/NG tube
laryngeal obstruction
clinical manifestations
lowered o2 stat
use of accessory muscles
laryngeal obstruction
management
secure patent airway
continuous pulse ox
laryngeal cancer
main symptom
hoarseness
laryngeal cancer
risk
smoking and alcohol
laryngeal cancer
signs and symptoms
early:
hoarsness
persistent cough
sore throat or pain, burning in throat
later:
dysphagia
persistent hoarseness
foul breath
laryngeal cancer
medical diagnosis
history
physical exam
laryngoscopic exam
barium swallow
biopsy
laryngeal cancer
medical treatment
radiation
chemo
all surgery except for what one still prevserves the speaking ability
total
with a total laryngectomy what does the patient have increased risk for
infection (no filtering air)
increase thickness in secretion (no humidifying air)
bypassing upper airway
total layrnegectomy
teaching
preop
before stress and pain when patient can actually pay attention
total layrnegectomy
communication
write
pictures
this reduces anxiety
total layrnegectomy
pain control
PCA
prevent atelectasis, DVT, get up and be moble
total layrnegectomy
nutrition
48-72 hours after we do swallow test
total layrnegectomy
nutrition helps with
would healing
prevent infection
total layrnegectomy
HOB
high fowlers
signs and symptoms of resp difficulty
decrease pulse ox
change in mental status
resp sounds
increase RR
accessory muscle use
increase HR
stridor
lung sounds
anxiety
restlessness
aspiration risk precautions
elevate HOB
check gastric residual
prevent stimulation of gag reflex
are total layrnegectomy at risk for aspiration
no because the airway and esophagus are completely seperated
