Lower Respiratory Disorders: PE, Trauma, Cancer Flashcards
pulmonary emboli
definition
obstruction of pulmonary artery
clot, air, fat, amniotic flood, septic thrombus
pulmonary emboli
obstructed area has diminished or absent _________
blood flow
ventilation but no gas exchange
pulmonary emboli
effect on heart
right ventricular work load
right ventricular failure
works heard to try and push blood into pulmonary artery
pulmonary emboli
risk factors
venous statsis
hypercoaguability (cancer, smoker, birth control)
venous endothelial disease (trauma/ortho surgery)
heart disease
trauma
postop/preop
diabetes mellitus
COPD
constrictive clothing
pulmonary emboli
triad for assessment
virchows triad
virchows triad
hypercoagauability
vessel statsis
vessel trauma
pulmonary emboli
prevention
early ambulation
SCDs
Subq heparin
pulmonary emboli
treatment
anticoagulant (Heparin IV, going to prevent additional clots)
thrombolytic (dissolves clot, extreme risk for bleeding)
pulmonary emboli
therapy after discharge
3-6 months maintenance after event
if unable to identify clot= long term anticoagulation
pulmonary emboli
assessment manifestations
dyspnea
chest pain (sudden onset)
anxiety
tachycardia
apprehension
syncope
diaphoresis
hemoptysis
cardiovascular collapse
shock
sudden death
pulmonary emboli
diagnostics
ECG (right ventricular strain)
ABG (hypoxemia)
pulmonary emboli
treatment
VOMIT
- vitals
- oxygen
- monitor
- IV
- Tweleve lead ECG
umbrella filter
collects clots before getting to heart
chest trauma
blunt trauma
sternal rib fracture
frail chest
pulmonary contusion
penetrating trauma
pneumothorax
pneumothorax types
spontaneous
simple
traumatic
tension
penumothorax simple
air enters pleural space
pneumothorax spontaneous
health individual
rupture of bleb allowing air to enter pleural cavity
pneumothorax traumatic
occurs when air escapes from laceration in the lung itself and enters pleural space
OR
wound in the chest wall
pneumothorax traumatic
manifestions
difficulty breathing
uneven chest excursion
diminished/absent sounds (BILATERAL IS KEY)
increase RR
decrease pulse ox=severe hypoxemia
air hunger
anxiety
tracheal deviation
pneumothorax simple
manifestons
minimal respiratory distress
slight discomfort
elevated RR
pneumothorax open vs tension
open: air is able to come in and out of that pleural space
tension: every breath taken more air is entering pleural cavity and is unable ti escape
pneumothorax tension
manifestations
weak and rapid pulse
pallor
JVD
anxiety
sudden sharp pain
asymmetrical chest wall
shortness of breath
cyanosis
decreasesd breath sounds over collapsed lung
tracheal deviation
pneumothorax
treatment
chest drainage
- remove blood/air/fluid
chest tube
3 bottle system
collect drainage
water seal (continuous air bubbling check bilateral breath sounds)
suction control
pneumothorax
patient education
incentive spirometer
pain management
coughing and deep breathing
ambulation/acitivity
lung cancer
leading killer among men and woemn
lung cancer risk
inhaled carcinogens
genetics
