Hematology and Immunology Anemias Flashcards
anemia
- defintion
lower than normal hemoglobin concentration
3 causes/types of anemia
hypo proliferative
hemolytic
blood loss
what is hypo proliferative
decrease in production
causes of hypoproliferative
iron/b12/folate deficiency
cancer
decreased erythropoietin
who is going to have decreased erythropoietin
kidney disease
- kidneys produce erythropoietin
what is hemolytic
excess destruction of rBC
example of hemolytic
sickle cell
hemolytic patients might have
Jaundice
examples of blood loss
GIB
nosebleed
truama
mesntration
clinical manifestations
fatigue
weakness
pallor
jaundice
cardiac/resp symptoms
tongue changes
nail changes
PICA
angular chelosis
- sores in corner of mouth
symptoms depend on
onset
why do we not immediately tranfuse the patient
increase risk
why might the patient not be aware of slow onset
body compensates
diagnostic testing
hemoglobin and hematocrit
reticulocyte
bilirubin
iron studies
vit b12
folate
RBC indices
bone marrow
reticulocyte count in hyperproliferative
decreaed
reticulycote count in hemolytic
increase
medical management
treatment depends on type
- diet
- supplement
- transfusions
- immunosuppresive
what risk might these patients be at
injury related to falls
goals
decreased fatigue
attainment and or maintence of adequate nutrition
maintence of adequate tissue perfusion
compliance with prescribed therapy
absence of complications
nursing interventions
- actives
balance with rest
iron
- food
do not take with food
iron stool
black stool
iron-
- constipation prevention
prevent with fluids, and exercise
what is most common anemia
iron
