Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders Flashcards
lips
- actinic cheilitis
squamous cell cancer precursor
mouth
- leukoplakia
white coating
cannot scrape
mouth
- lichen planus
precursor to cancer
mouth
candidiasis
stomatitis
do not want to drink/eat
give a numbing solution
- could bite into side of mouth
candidiasis is caused by
steroids
immunocompromised
stomatitis
sore in mouth
parotitis
inflammation of parotid
sialadentitis
inflam of salivary gland
who is parotitis and sialadentitis common in
elderly
neoplasm
cancer
achalasia
failure to move food or drink down
Salagen
artificial saliva
oral cancer risk factors
any form of tobacco
HPV infection
previous history of head and neck cancer
s/s oral cancer
painless mass/sore that does not heal
any lesion present more than 2 weeks
difficulty chewing/swallowing or speaking
enlarged cervical lymphnodes
prevention of oral cancer
HPV vaccination
treatment of oral cancer
surgery
- radical neck dissection
chemo
radiation
radial neck dissection
remove lymph nodes from jaw to clavicle and muscel
since they re removing muscle during a radical neck dissection they can have
shoulder droop
what should we watch out for post radical neck dissection
hemorrhage
signs and symptoms of hemorrhage
tachycardia
hypotension (late sign)
tachypnea
change in mental status
*high epigastric pain
what to do if possible bleeding
call for help
apply pressure
what do post op radical neck dissection patients need to avoid
bearing down
= increase pressure and could cause bleeding
chyle fistula
milky apperence out of JP drain
- lymph fluid
Post op neck dissection how will we protect the airway
fowlers
assess for stridor/resp distress
what tubes will a patient have in after neck dissection
JP tubes
exercise to prevent shoulder droop on the neck dissection patent is important, when can they participate in these activities
when the drain is removed
and when the incision is healed
hiatal hernia
opening in the diaphragm through which the esophagus passes becomes enlarged and part of the upper stomach tends to move up into the thorax
what are some signs and symptoms of hiatal hernia
heart burn and regurgitation
since the signs and symptoms of the hiatal hernia are heart burn and regurgitation we need to assess for what first
STEMI
management of hiatal hernia
- meds
H2 receptor blockers
management of hiatal hernia
- meals
small frequent meals
management of hiatal hernia
- post meals
do not lie down 1 hour after meals
life style of the hiatal hernia is the same as what other condition
GERD
management of hiatal hernia
- HOB
4-8 inches
GERD
backward flow (reflux) of gastrointestinal contents into the esophagus
GERD is associated with
barretts esophagus
barretts esophagus is a precursor to
esophageal cancer
GERD
- diet therapy
avoid peppermint, alcohol, caffeine, beer, milk, soda, smoking
GERD
- educational
lifestyle changes
avoid drinking and eating 2 hours before bed
weight management
HIB elevated
GERD medications
antacids
H2 blockers (Pepcid, Zantac)
Proton pump inhibitors (Prevacid, Prilosec)
prokinetic medications (Ragland)
antacids
- action
reduce pH of stomach
antacids
- frequency
2-3 hours before and after meals
antacids
- concerns
altering acid-base balance if used excessively
getting too much mag, sodium, calcium
antacids
- drugs
maalox
MOM
sodium bicarb
tums
histamine receptor antagonists
- action
decrease acid production
histamine receptor antagonists
- prescribed or OTC
OTC
histamine receptor antagonists
- drug examples
Pepcid
axid
Tagamet
Zantac
proton pump inhibitors
- action
reduce gastric acid production for up to 24 hours
proton pump inhibitors
- warning
do not crush
proton pump inhibitors
- drugs
protonix
nexium
Prevacid
reglan
- action
accelerate gastric emptying
reglan
- s/s
extrapyramidal s/s
reglan
- long or short term
not for long term use
cancer of the esophagus may be caused by
chronic irritation
- GERD
- smoking
- alcohol
- second hand smoke
esophageal cancer common complaint
dysphagia
