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Med Surg 1 > Hypertension (Online Lecture) > Flashcards

Hypertension (Online Lecture) Flashcards

1
Q

if you appropriately manage hypertension the risk is

A

the same as if you did not have hypertension

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2
Q

hypertension is
under or over reported

A

under

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3
Q

what might trigger a patient to seek treatment and will ultimately be diagnosed with hypertension

A

target organs

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4
Q

what are the target organs

A

eyes
brain
heart
peripheral
vascular
kidney

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5
Q

what are some examples of changes in the
eyes

A

blurred vision
blindness

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6
Q

what are some examples of changes in the
brain

A

TIA
stroke
dizziness
headache

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7
Q

what are some examples of changes in the
heart

A

MI
left ventricular hypertrophy
shortness of breath while up
heart failure

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8
Q

what are some examples of changes in the
kidney

A

nocturia
renal failure

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9
Q

what are some examples of changes in the
peripheral

A

perisperhal arterial disease

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10
Q

to diagnosis hypertension

A

blood pressure measurements done 2 Dif times in 2 Dif visits 1-4 weeks apart

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11
Q

normal BP

A

less than 120
and
less than 80

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12
Q

prehypertensive BP

A

120-139
or
80-89

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13
Q

stage 1 hypertension

A

140-159
or
90-99

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14
Q

stage 2 hypertension

A

greater or equal to 160
or
greater or equal to 100

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15
Q

primary hypertension

A

high blood pressure from an undetermined cause

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16
Q

secondary hypertension

A

high blood pressure with an identifiable cause

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17
Q

how do we manage secondary hypertension

A

treat secondary cause in hopes to fix blood pressure

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18
Q

what are some causes of secondary hypertension

A

renal parenchymal disease
hyperaldosteronism
medications (steroids, prednisone, epoetin)
coarctation of the aorta
pregnancy
sleep apnea

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19
Q

risk factors
modifiable

A

obesity
diet
sedentary lifestyle
alcohol consumption
smoking
OSA

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20
Q

risk factors
nonmodifiable

A

ethnicity
age
genetics

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21
Q

does hypertension normally have symptoms

A

no
normally asymptomatic

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22
Q

hypertension nick name

A

silent killer

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23
Q

because hypertension is asymptomatic how does this relate to medication adherence

A

people do not want to take medications because they were not having side effects and the medications often cause negative side effects

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24
Q

when signs and symptoms of target organs start to occur, what does this mean

A

indicative of vascular damage

25
Q

assessment and diagnostics to asses target organ damage
NA, K, fasting glucose, BUN, CR

A

kidney function

26
Q

assessment and diagnostics to asses target organ damage
urinalysis

A

kidney function

27
Q

assessment and diagnostics to asses target organ damage
12 lead ECG

A

heart function
post MI

28
Q

assessment and diagnostics to asses target organ damage
2D echo

A

left ventricular hypertrophy

29
Q

risk factors for CV DISEASE in patients with hypertension

A

smoking
obesity
diabetes
physical inactivity
impaired renal function
age
family history
dyslipidemia

30
Q

medical management goal

A

less than 140/90

31
Q

medical management
optimal treatment plan is

A

inexpensive
simple
least disruptive

32
Q

what is the start for treatment

A

lifestyle modifications

33
Q

what if you are prescribed medications? do you still need to do lifestyle modifications

A

yes

34
Q

what are some lifestyle changes

A

weight loss
DASH
physical activity
moderate alcohol consumption

35
Q

what are some pharmacological treatments

A

ACE/ARB
diuretics
beta blockers
combination

36
Q

what is pharmacological treatments goal

A

decrease peripheral resistance
blood volume
strength and rate of myocardial contraction

37
Q

ACE ending

A

PRIL

38
Q

ARB ending

A

SARTAN

39
Q

how do ACE and ARB work

A

in the RAAS
decrease peripheral vascular resistance

40
Q

diuretics ending

A

MIDE
THIAZIDE
ONE

41
Q

what do diuretics do

A

decrease blood volume/pressure

42
Q

beta blockers ending

A

OLOL

43
Q

what do beta blockers do

A

slow HR, decrease BP

44
Q

what is important to watch for in beta blocker

A

heart rate

45
Q

what is important to watch for in ACE/ARB/diuretics

A

kidney function

46
Q

what is important for discontinuing any of these meds

A

taper

47
Q

what is important to watch for when on these medications

A

orthostatic hypotension
possible risk for falls

48
Q

how do we manage doses in these medications

A

increase gradually until target BP is met

49
Q

too small of cuff

A

increase BP

50
Q

too big of cuff

A

decrease BP

51
Q

how do we get an accurate BP

A

sitting quietly for 5 mins, arm at heart level, feet flat and uncrossed, avoid talking, not smoking or consumed caffeine in 30 mins

52
Q

nursing diagnoses

A

deficient knowledge regarding the relation between the treatment regimen and control of the disease process

noncompliance with therapeutic regiment related to side effects of prescribed therapy

53
Q

how do we promote adherence to treatment

A

compromises may be necessary
supporting in the small changes
support groups

54
Q

elderly: medication regimen can be __________ to remember

A

difficult

55
Q

elderly: at risk for

A

orthostatic hypotension

56
Q

elderly: at risk for what related to diuretic therapy

A

volume depletion

57
Q

what type of therapy do we want to target

A

monotherapy
- simplify
- less expensive

58
Q

elderly: make sure they can

A

see and read instructions
open medication containers
get prescriptions filled

Med Surg 1 (47 decks)

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