Immunodeficiency and HIV Flashcards
primary vs secondary immunocompromised
primary is genetic
secondary is acquired
since these patients are at risk for infection what are we going to do
WBC
subtle changes
not full fever
take apical for 1 min
when we suspect an infection what do we do before antibiotics
culture
in these patients not all infections are external
internal can occur
- opportunistic
HIV is primary or secondary
secondary
HIV affects what type of immunity
natural and acquired
HIV is transmitted by
body fluids
- blood
- seminal fluid
- vaginal secretions
- amniotic fluid
- breast milk
risk factors associated with HIV
sharing needles
sexual relations with person infected
infants who have HIV mom
organs or blood before 1985
HIV prevention
standard precuations
safe sex
do not share needles
blood screening
PPE
post exposure protocol
report it to charge or supervisor
fill out form
draw labs (baseline)
draw patient labs
why do we draw patient labs after exposure
not for treating patient but for testing for blood born pathogens
4 stages of HIV
primary
asymp
symp
aids
primary infection
- category
A
primary infection
- symptoms
none/flu like
primary infection
- testing
negative (lack HIV antibodies)
viral set point
balance between amount of HIV and the immune response
- determines outcome
- inverse relationship
- increase viral set point decrease outcome
primary infection
- what is it
exposure
HIV aysmp.
- category
A
HIV aysmp.
- testing
positive
HIV aysmp.
- upon reaching the viral set point, what state begins
chronic asymptomatic state begins
HIV symp.
- category
B
HIV symp.
- symptoms
symptoms or conditions related to HIV infection
HIV symp.
- CD4 count
200-499
aids
- category
C
aids
- cd4 cont
less than 200
aids
- as CD4 drop below _________ the immune system is significantly impaired
100
gerontology considerations
one quarter of people living with HIV are older than 50
EIA test
antibodies
western blot
antibodies
viral load
HIV RNA
CD4/CD8
markers
oraquick
in home test
treatment
antiretroviral agents
complications
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
mycobacetium avium complex
tuberculosis
candidas
diarrhea
wasting syndrome
kaposi sarcoma
B cell lymphoma
HIV encephalopathy
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
- life threatenting
yes
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
- symptoms
nonspecific
nonproductive cough
fever
chills
dyspnea
chest pain
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
- untreated
progress to pulmonary impairment and respiratory failure
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
- can anyone get this
no, only immunocompromised
oral candidiasis
- only in the mouth
may progress to esophagus and stomach
diarrhea is related to
HIV infection or enteric pathogens
what do we do before treating diarrhea
cultures
concerns with diarrhea
FVD
potassium decrease
acid base disturbances (base out of butt)
kaposi sarcoma
- what is it
cutaneous lesions
kaposi sarcoma
- involve what
multiple organs
kaposi sarcoma
- lesions cause
discomfort
disfigurement
ulceration
potential for infection
HIV encephalopathy
progressive cogntiive, behavioral, and motor decline
these patients are at risk for what type of infection
opportunistic infections
