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Med Surg 1 > Assessment of Respiratory Function (Online Lecture) > Flashcards

Assessment of Respiratory Function (Online Lecture) Flashcards

1
Q

changes in respiratory status are increasingly recognized as one of he most sensitive indicators of

A

clinical deterioration

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2
Q

bleeding does what to respirations

A

increase

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3
Q

upper respiratory

A

warm and filter

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4
Q

lower respiratory

A

accomplishes gas exchange

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5
Q

4 steps of respiration

A

ventilation
oxygen diffusion
transportation
tissue extraction

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6
Q

ventilation

A

movement of air in and out of lungs

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7
Q

oxygen diffusion

A

diffusion of O2 and CO2 across alveolar membranes

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8
Q

transportation

A

need hemoglobin and cardiac output

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9
Q

tissue extraction

A

tissues have to be able to pull O2 out of blood stream to use it

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10
Q

respiration

A

the gas exchange between atmospheric air and blood between the blood and the cells of the body

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11
Q

ventilation
what is needed (your air pump)

A

diagprahm

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12
Q

ABG
hypo and hyper ventilaion

A

hypo: Co2 down
hyper: Co2 Up

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13
Q

increase airway resistance

A

more difficult to ventilate

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14
Q

decrease compliance

A

do not expand/expell

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15
Q

examples of diseases of ventilation issues

A

COPD, asthma, allergic reaction, edema

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16
Q

pulmonary artery is a low or high pressure system

A

low

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17
Q

diffusion

A

exchange of O2 and CO2 at the alveolar-capillary membrane

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18
Q

high ventilation perfusion ratio

A

dead space
no blood flow
perfusion issue

ex: PE

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19
Q

low ventilation perfusion ratio

A

shunt
ventilation issue
increase CO2 decrease PaO2

EX; collapsed alveloli

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20
Q

oxygen therapy is used to support

A

diffusion

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21
Q

changes in respiratory rate/pattern

A

biggest indicator for oxygen

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22
Q

what are some other manifestations for oxygen

A

mental status, confusion, agitation, anxiety lethargy, disorientation, comatose, dyspnea, BP changes, HR changes

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23
Q

late stages for oxygen

A

central cyanosis: lips are blue

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24
Q

example of acute hypoxic

A

alcohol intoxication

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25
examples of chronic hypoxia
fatigue, lethargy, drowsiness, delayed reaction time
26
what should we monitor with oxygen
signs of hypoxia (should be improving) ABG pulse ox
27
what drives our decision for o2 amount
always want to use least amount of O2 necessary to support that patient
28
venturi mask
most reliable and accurate method for delivering precise concentrations of oxygen through non invasive means
29
high flow O2 combination of _____________________ allows higher rates than delivered by traditional O2 therapy
oxygen, compressed air humidification
30
complications of O2 therapy
suppressed respiratory drive and low O2 tension
31
who might have suppressed respiratory drive and low O2 tension
COPD co2 drives respiratory rate chronically high CO2 levels, the body becomes desensitized to that trigger and the trigger then becomes PO2 levels O2 level in blood stream should go up and this could potentially surpassed resp drive tricks brain into thinking they don't need to breathe
32
other complications to O2 therpay
fire
33
oxygen toxicity
o2 concentrations of greater than 50% for extended periods of time (48 hrs) can cause an over production of free radicals, which can severely damage cells
34
oxygen toxicity symptoms
sub sternal discomfort, paresthesias, dyspnea, restlessness, fatigue, progressive respiratory difficulty, refractory hypoxemia (PO2 levels still low)
35
NPP
noninvasive positive pressure keep alveoli open and help improve gas exchange wo having to intubate patient
36
NPP CPAP
keep alveoli open post op breathe out against pressure
37
NPP BiPAP
two types of pressure
38
NPP risks
mask needs to be tight: skin breakdown air into stomach: vomitting and aspiration
39
intubation
patent airway mechanical ventilation
40
gold standard intubation
bilateral breath sounds followed by X ray
41
intubation monitor check cuff pressure
6/8 hours
42
how long of intubation until trache is considered
10-14 days
43
trache tubes are used to bypass upper respiratory so
easy to suction and prevent aspiration
44
what position should trache patients be in
high fowlers to prevent aspiration
45
trache suction
pre ox no more than 120 only suction while pulling out 10-15 seconds
46
transportation we need
hemoglobin and cardiac output
47
measuring oxygen content
pulmonary cardiac level pulse ox ABG calculation (noninvasive)
48
oxygen hemoglobin saturation curve
Po2 levels vary but pulse ox is same
49
rightward shift decreased affinity
pick up more O2 and release more higher PaO2
50
leftward shift increased affinity
bond between O2 and hemoglobin stronger less o2 released at tissues lower Pao2
51
factors that affect affinity
carbon dioxide hydrogen ion concentration temp 23D5 phosglycernate increase is shift to right decrease is shift to left
52
pros of pulse ox
rapid reading continous non invasive
53
cons of pulse ox
unreliable ox doesn't equal paO2 doesn't tell hypo vent/increase cos2 inaccurate reading in some pts
54
does spo2 equal sao2
no
55
does spo2 detect hypovent
no
56
________ PaO2 changes occur before spo2 changes 1%
large
57
extraction
ability of the tissues to excrate the o2 from blood and use it
58
barriers limiting excretion
edema inflammation fibrosis cellular dysfunction
59
normal breath sounds
vesicular bronchovesicular bronchial
60
abnormal breath sounds
crackles wheezes friction rub
61
abnormal general apperence
barrel chest pigeon cehst kyphoscoloiosos funnel chest
62
tidal volume
volume of air inhaled and exhaled with each breath ~500
63
inspiratory reserve
amount of air that can be inhaled with normal inhalation
64
expiratory reserve
Max amount of air that can be exhaled forcefully after normal exhalation
65
vital capacity
volume of air exhaled from point of max insirpation
66
forced expiratory volume
volume of exhaled at a specific time, usually over a second
67
ABG
measurement of arterial oxygenation and carbon dioxide levels
68
sputum tests
analyzed for infectious organisms
69
Chets xray
fluid normal is black
70
CT
tumors, kidney fx, ask for allergies
71
MRI
bad beacuse obese won't fit claustrophobia lay still implanted metal
72

Med Surg 1 (47 decks)

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