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Med Surg 1 > Assessment of Respiratory Function (Online Lecture) > Flashcards

Assessment of Respiratory Function (Online Lecture) Flashcards

1
Q

changes in respiratory status are increasingly recognized as one of he most sensitive indicators of

A

clinical deterioration

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2
Q

bleeding does what to respirations

A

increase

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3
Q

upper respiratory

A

warm and filter

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4
Q

lower respiratory

A

accomplishes gas exchange

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5
Q

4 steps of respiration

A

ventilation
oxygen diffusion
transportation
tissue extraction

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6
Q

ventilation

A

movement of air in and out of lungs

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7
Q

oxygen diffusion

A

diffusion of O2 and CO2 across alveolar membranes

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8
Q

transportation

A

need hemoglobin and cardiac output

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9
Q

tissue extraction

A

tissues have to be able to pull O2 out of blood stream to use it

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10
Q

respiration

A

the gas exchange between atmospheric air and blood between the blood and the cells of the body

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11
Q

ventilation
what is needed (your air pump)

A

diagprahm

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12
Q

ABG
hypo and hyper ventilaion

A

hypo: Co2 down
hyper: Co2 Up

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13
Q

increase airway resistance

A

more difficult to ventilate

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14
Q

decrease compliance

A

do not expand/expell

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15
Q

examples of diseases of ventilation issues

A

COPD, asthma, allergic reaction, edema

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16
Q

pulmonary artery is a low or high pressure system

A

low

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17
Q

diffusion

A

exchange of O2 and CO2 at the alveolar-capillary membrane

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18
Q

high ventilation perfusion ratio

A

dead space
no blood flow
perfusion issue

ex: PE

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19
Q

low ventilation perfusion ratio

A

shunt
ventilation issue
increase CO2 decrease PaO2

EX; collapsed alveloli

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20
Q

oxygen therapy is used to support

A

diffusion

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21
Q

changes in respiratory rate/pattern

A

biggest indicator for oxygen

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22
Q

what are some other manifestations for oxygen

A

mental status, confusion, agitation, anxiety lethargy, disorientation, comatose, dyspnea, BP changes, HR changes

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23
Q

late stages for oxygen

A

central cyanosis: lips are blue

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24
Q

example of acute hypoxic

A

alcohol intoxication

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25
Q

examples of chronic hypoxia

A

fatigue, lethargy, drowsiness, delayed reaction time

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26
Q

what should we monitor with oxygen

A

signs of hypoxia (should be improving)
ABG
pulse ox

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27
Q

what drives our decision for o2 amount

A

always want to use least amount of O2 necessary to support that patient

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28
Q

venturi mask

A

most reliable and accurate method for delivering precise concentrations of oxygen through non invasive means

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29
Q

high flow O2
combination of _____________________ allows higher rates than delivered by traditional O2 therapy

A

oxygen, compressed air humidification

30
Q

complications of O2 therapy

A

suppressed respiratory drive and low O2 tension

31
Q

who might have suppressed respiratory drive and low O2 tension

A

COPD
co2 drives respiratory rate
chronically high CO2 levels, the body becomes desensitized to that trigger and the trigger then becomes PO2 levels

O2 level in blood stream should go up and this could potentially surpassed resp drive
tricks brain into thinking they don’t need to breathe

32
Q

other complications to O2 therpay

A

fire

33
Q

oxygen toxicity

A

o2 concentrations of greater than 50% for extended periods of time (48 hrs) can cause an over production of free radicals, which can severely damage cells

34
Q

oxygen toxicity symptoms

A

sub sternal discomfort, paresthesias, dyspnea, restlessness, fatigue, progressive respiratory difficulty, refractory hypoxemia (PO2 levels still low)

35
Q

NPP

A

noninvasive positive pressure
keep alveoli open and help improve gas exchange wo having to intubate patient

36
Q

NPP
CPAP

A

keep alveoli open
post op
breathe out against pressure

37
Q

NPP
BiPAP

A

two types of pressure

38
Q

NPP
risks

A

mask needs to be tight: skin breakdown
air into stomach: vomitting and aspiration

39
Q

intubation

A

patent airway
mechanical ventilation

40
Q

gold standard intubation

A

bilateral breath sounds followed by X ray

41
Q

intubation monitor check cuff pressure

A

6/8 hours

42
Q

how long of intubation until trache is considered

A

10-14 days

43
Q

trache tubes are used to bypass upper respiratory so

A

easy to suction and prevent aspiration

44
Q

what position should trache patients be in

A

high fowlers to prevent aspiration

45
Q

trache suction

A

pre ox
no more than 120
only suction while pulling out
10-15 seconds

46
Q

transportation we need

A

hemoglobin and cardiac output

47
Q

measuring oxygen content

A

pulmonary cardiac level
pulse ox
ABG
calculation (noninvasive)

48
Q

oxygen hemoglobin saturation curve

A

Po2 levels vary but pulse ox is same

49
Q

rightward shift
decreased affinity

A

pick up more O2 and release more
higher PaO2

50
Q

leftward shift
increased affinity

A

bond between O2 and hemoglobin stronger
less o2 released at tissues
lower Pao2

51
Q

factors that affect affinity

A

carbon dioxide
hydrogen ion concentration
temp
23D5 phosglycernate

increase is shift to right
decrease is shift to left

52
Q

pros of pulse ox

A

rapid reading
continous
non invasive

53
Q

cons of pulse ox

A

unreliable
ox doesn’t equal paO2
doesn’t tell hypo vent/increase cos2
inaccurate reading in some pts

54
Q

does spo2 equal sao2

A

no

55
Q

does spo2 detect hypovent

A

no

56
Q

________ PaO2 changes occur before spo2 changes 1%

A

large

57
Q

extraction

A

ability of the tissues to excrate the o2 from blood and use it

58
Q

barriers limiting excretion

A

edema
inflammation
fibrosis
cellular dysfunction

59
Q

normal breath sounds

A

vesicular
bronchovesicular
bronchial

60
Q

abnormal breath sounds

A

crackles
wheezes
friction rub

61
Q

abnormal general apperence

A

barrel chest
pigeon cehst
kyphoscoloiosos
funnel chest

62
Q

tidal volume

A

volume of air inhaled and exhaled with each breath
~500

63
Q

inspiratory reserve

A

amount of air that can be inhaled with normal inhalation

64
Q

expiratory reserve

A

Max amount of air that can be exhaled forcefully after normal exhalation

65
Q

vital capacity

A

volume of air exhaled from point of max insirpation

66
Q

forced expiratory volume

A

volume of exhaled at a specific time, usually over a second

67
Q

ABG

A

measurement of arterial oxygenation and carbon dioxide levels

68
Q

sputum tests

A

analyzed for infectious organisms

69
Q

Chets xray

A

fluid
normal is black

70
Q

CT

A

tumors, kidney fx,
ask for allergies

71
Q

MRI

A

bad beacuse obese won’t fit
claustrophobia
lay still
implanted metal

72
Q
A

Med Surg 1 (47 decks)

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