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Hepatitis (Online Lecture) Flashcards

1
Q

liver is located where

A

RUQ

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2
Q

liver has how many lobes

A

2

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3
Q

liver receives blood from the

A

hepatic artery in the hepatic portal vein

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4
Q

the liver is a very _____________ organ

A

vascular

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5
Q

bile is synthesized in the liver and transported to

A

ducts

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6
Q

3 main function categories

A
  1. storage
  2. production
  3. metabolism
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7
Q

example of storage function of liver

A

glycogen storage
vitamin storage

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8
Q

example of production function of the liver

A

clotting factors
produces bile

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9
Q

example of metabolism function of the liver

A

converts CHO to triglycerides
degradation of lipids
protein synthesis, metabolism and transport

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10
Q

hepatotoxins

A

alcohol and drug use, including Tylenol

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11
Q

why would we want to inspect the skin

A

jaundice

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12
Q

where should we check for jaundice in patients with darker skin tones

A

sclera

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13
Q

what might we find during our abdominal assessment

A

ascites

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14
Q

ascites can lead to issues of what other systems

A

respiratory issues

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15
Q

why do we see ascites and edema is patients with liver issues

A

lacking of production of albumin

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16
Q

albumin does what

A

make fluid stay in the vessel

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17
Q

why might liver biopsy be difficult

A

higher risk for bleeding

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18
Q

why are patients with liver issues at higher risk for bleeding

A

liver makes clotting factors

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19
Q

what are some liver function tests

A

direct and indirect bilirubin
serum protein and albumin
prothrombin time (clotting)
Alk phos (obstruction)
AT and ALT (liver cell damage)
serum ammonia (livers ability to filter ammonia)

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20
Q

what are some other tests we might want to run to assess liver function

A

CBC (bleeding
platelet
hemoglobin

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21
Q

what are some diagnosis tests we can do

A

ultrasound
CT
MRI
Laparoscopy

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22
Q

benefits of ultrasounds

A

low cost
low risk
fast

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23
Q

what do we need to assess for before CT

A

allergies
kidney function (BUN and CR)

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24
Q

what do we need to assess before MRI

A

implanted devices

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25
Q

laparoscopy is

A

exploratory

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26
Q

jaundice is the disruption of

A

bilirubin metabolism

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27
Q

what would the bilirubin number be in jaundice

A

> 2.5

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28
Q

what can jaundice be caused by

A

hemolytic
hepatocellular
obstructive
hereditary hyperbilrubinemia

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29
Q

hemolytic cause of jaundice

A

excessive breakdown

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30
Q

obstructive cause of jaundice

A

gallstone or tumor

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31
Q

esophageal varies are secondary to

A

portal hypertension

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32
Q

3 infections we care about

A

A, B, C

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33
Q

HEP A
duration and posibility to become long term

A

short term
doesn’t become long term

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34
Q

HEP B
duration and posibility to become long term

A

can also be short term but can become chronic

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35
Q

HEP C
duration and posibility to become long term

A

can also be short term but can become chronic

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36
Q

vaccines are available for

A

A and B

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37
Q

Hep A
is caused by what virus

A

RNA

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38
Q

Hep A
causes what in the liver

A

acute inflammation

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39
Q

Hep A
you can have passive immunity from

A

gamma globulin

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40
Q

Hep A
contamination

A

fecal-oral

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41
Q

Hep A
incubation period

42
Q

Hep A
since the incubation period is so long

A

you could be spreading it unknowingly

43
Q

Hep A
diagnosis, based on __________

44
Q

Hep A
enlarged ________ and __________

A

liver, spleen

45
Q

Hep A
jaundice or not

46
Q

Hep A
confirmation
HAV antigen

A

in stool 7-10 days before s/s

47
Q

Hep A
conformation
HAV antibodies

A

2-3 weeks after symptoms

48
Q

Hep A
is it self limiting

49
Q

Hep A
contact

A

person to person
not blood

50
Q

Hep A
how long do symptoms last

A

~8wks
less than 2 months

51
Q

Hep A
recovery is longer in

A

older adults

52
Q

Hep A
most contagious

A

10-14 days before symptoms

53
Q

Hep A
low or high mortality

54
Q

Hep A
prevent spread

A

hand hygiene

55
Q

Hep A
signs and symptoms

A

fever
fatigue
loss of appetite
N/V
abdominal pain
diarrhea and clay colorer bowel movements
joint pain
indigestion

56
Q

Hep A
later signs and symptoms

A

jaundice and dark urine

57
Q

Hep A
starts as

A

mild flu like or upper respiratory infections

58
Q

Hep A
more or less symptoms is older children and adults

59
Q

Hep A
strong aversion to

A

cigarette smoke/other strong odors

60
Q

Hep A
disease progression is

A

supportive

61
Q

Hep A
avoid

A

hepatotoxic
- including acetaminophen

62
Q

Hep A
supportive care

A

bed rest
nutrition
IV fluids

63
Q

Hep A
prevention of transmission

A

meticulous hand washing
proper sewage disposal
vaccination

64
Q

Hep A
vaccination is recommended for higher risk patients

A
  • traveling (high hep A area)
  • outbreaks
  • homosexual males
  • drug users
  • chronic liver disease
  • clotting factor disorders
  • close contact with someone with Hep A
65
Q

Hep B
virus

66
Q

Hep B
transmission

A

blood and body fluids
(needles, semen, vaginal secretions, mucous or skin break, mom to baby, breast feeding)

67
Q

Hep B
incubation period

A

30-100 days

68
Q

Hep B
impacts livers ability to

A

function properly

69
Q

Hep B
high risk patient

A

homosexual males
heterosexual with many partners
IV drug users

70
Q

Hep B
vaccines for high risk

A

dialysis patients
IV drug abusers
sexual activity with out protection
healthcare workers

71
Q

Hep B
moraality rate

72
Q

Hep B
diagnostics
HBsAG

A

detectable 1-10 weeks after exposure
carrier state if persists longer than 6 months

73
Q

Hep B
diagnostics
anti HB

A

indicates immune state

74
Q

Hep B
chronic

A

~10% develop to chronic or carrier state

75
Q

Hep B
is the major cause for

A

cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma

76
Q

Hep B
signs and symptoms

A

fever
fatigue
loss of appetite
N/V
abdominal pain
dark urine
grey stools

77
Q

since Hep A and B signs and symptoms look so similar how do we differentiate

A

health history

78
Q

Hep B
prevention

A

blood donor screening
needless IV systems

79
Q

Hep B
active immunity

A

vaccination

80
Q

Hep B
vaccination is recommended for

A

IV drug users
healthcare workers
dialysis
STI
infants
travelrs
Hep C
chronic liver disease
HIV
incarcerated

81
Q

Hep B
passive immunity

A

immune globin

82
Q

Hep B
when would we use immune globulin

A

if exposed and not previously vaccinated

83
Q

Hep B
what do you do after immune globulin is abdministered

A

prompt vaccine increases likelihood of protection

84
Q

Hep B
management
alpha interferon

A

decrease inflammation of liver
reduces signs and symptoms
IM injection
side effects: fever, chills, general malaise

85
Q

Hep B
management
antiviral agents is used for chronic or acute

86
Q

Hep C
virus

87
Q

Hep C
transmission

A

blood contact with skin/mucous membranes (sexual contact, piercing, tattoos)

88
Q

Hep C
vaccines

89
Q

Hep C
incubation

A

1 week to several months

90
Q

Hep C
symptoms are so similar so we rely on

A

blood tests

91
Q

Hep C
common among

A

IV drug users
dialysis

92
Q

Hep C
development to chronic form

93
Q

Hep C
leading cause of

A

liver cancer and cirrhosis

94
Q

Hep C
effective treatment

A

combo of antiviral agents

95
Q

Hep C
why do we use antiviral agents

A

preventing relapses and s/s

96
Q

Hep C
side effects of antiviral agents

A

fever
maliase
headache
depression
heart failure
hypertension
confusion

97
Q

Hep C
what type of precautions

98
Q

Hep C
when we are symptom managing are we going to use Tylenol

A

no (check metabolism of drugs before use)

99
Q

Hep C
teaching

A

liver toxins
carriers
proper disposal
cannot be blood donor

Med Surg 1 (47 decks)

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