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Med Surg 1 > Lower Respiratory Disorders: Inflammatory and Infectious Disorders > Flashcards

Lower Respiratory Disorders: Inflammatory and Infectious Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

atelectasis
disease process

A

closure of alveoli

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2
Q

atelectasis
common causes

A

shallow breathing
S/P anesthesia from surgery
pain
impaired cough
excess secretions
mucus plugs (block bronchiole)
COPD

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3
Q

atelectasis
prevention

A

early mobilization
deep breathing
pain meds
IS (incentive spiro)
positioning

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4
Q

atelectasis
positioning

A

high fowlers

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5
Q

atelectasis
why is pain a risk factor

A

patient don’t want to get up and move or cough

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6
Q

atelectasis
stroke/anestheisa

A

impaired cough/gag

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7
Q

atelectasis
increase secretions

A

mucus plug

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8
Q

how often do we want patients to cough and deep breath

A

10x hour

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9
Q

pain medication

A

stay on top of pain
hard to get pain down from a 9-10

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10
Q

atelectasis
manifesations

A

increase HR
RR
decreased ability to oxygenate
diminished lung sounds

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11
Q

focused respiratory assessment occurs of what

A

plus ox
lung sounds
respirations
cyanotic
cough
sputum
work of breathing
accessory muscles
depth and rate

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12
Q

pneumonia
causes

A

bacteria
virus
fungi (normal immune system should be able to fight off fungi so this is seen in immunocompromised individuals)

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13
Q

pneumonia can be a complication of _________

A

atelectasis

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14
Q

4 types of pneumonia and which ones are never events

A

community acquired pneumonia (CAP)
health care acquired pneumonia (HCAP)
hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) NEVER
ventilator acquired pneumonia (VAP) NEVER

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15
Q

pneumonia
manifestations

A

change in temp, pulse
secretions (color, consistency, amount)
cough
tachypnea
shortness of breath
crackles on auscultation

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16
Q

pneumonia
manifestations ELDERLY

A

mental status change
fatigue
do not get fever as easily

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17
Q

why do we want sputum and urine cultures

A

sputum for the organism and possible antibiotics
urine to rule out UTI

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18
Q

pneumonia
risk factors

A

long term care (spreads quickly)
immunosuppression (chemo, steroids, HIV/AIDS)
smoking
prolonged immobility (espcially in elderly, they will rapidly decline)
depressed cough reflex
NPO
supine positioning (increase risk for atelectasis)
alcohol (inhibits airway protection)
transmission from healthcare providers

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19
Q

pneumonia
order of priority

A
  1. culture
  2. antibiotic administration with in 60 min
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20
Q

pneumonia
diagnosis

A

history
CXR, CBC, blood, urine, sputum culture

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21
Q

pneumonia
supportive treatment

A

fluids (concern about FVE, especially in elderly)
oxygen for hypoxia
antipyretics (aches)
antitussives (cough sup)
decongestants
antihistamines

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22
Q

when are antibiotics used for a viral infection

A

not indicated for vital but used for secondary bacterial infection

23
Q

pneumonia
improving airway clearance

A

encourage hydration: 2-3L a day (as tolerated by cardiovascular to thin secretions)
humidification (loose secretions)
coughing techniques (splint)
chest physiotherapy (pulmonary toilet)

24
Q

pneumonia
nutrition

A

provide nutritionally enriched foods and fluids

25
Q

aspiration
defintion

A

inhalation of foreign material (oropharyngeal or stomach)

26
Q

aspiration
clinical presentation

A

tachycardia
dyspnea
hypotension
hypertension
central cyanosis
ultimately death

27
Q

aspiration
prevention

A

tube feeding-placement verification
swallow assessment
HOB elevated

28
Q

pulmonary tuberculosis
risk factors

A

poverty
poor housing
malnutrition
immunocompromised
forgein travel
immigration
exposure

29
Q

pulmonary tuberculosis
signs and symptoms

A

persistent cough
weight loss
anorexia
night sweats
hemoptysis
shortness of breath
fever/chills
rust colored sputum

30
Q

what is the only way we can confirm pulmonary tuberculosis

A

sputum culture of M. tuberculosis

31
Q

what is the QuantiFERON

A

blood test, tells us exposure only
not affected by BCG vaccine

32
Q

Mantoux test sight

A

intradermally in the forearm

33
Q

Mantoux test reading

A

48-72 hours later

34
Q

Mantoux test
exposure in person with normal immunity

A

10mm

35
Q

Mantoux test
exposure in person who is high risk (HIV/immunocompromised)

A

5mm

36
Q

does the Mantoux test prove exposure or confirmation

A

exposure

37
Q

latent TB

A

exposed immune system able to suppress it

no signs and symptoms, might have ghon focus (walled off bacteria)

38
Q

how do we confirm if a patient is no longer infectious

A

negative sputum culture x3

39
Q

tuberculosis
health teaching

A

follow exact drug regimen
- empty stomach
- 1 hour prior to meals
avoid wine, tuna, alcohol, aged cheese

proper nutrition and reverse weight loss

40
Q

pleurisy

A

inflammation of both layers of pleurae

41
Q

pleurisy are at risk for

A

atelectasis

42
Q

why are pleurisy at risk for atelectasis

A

inflamed surfaces rub together with respirations cause sharp pain intensified with inspirations

43
Q

pleural effusion

A

collection fluid in the pleural space usually secondary to another disease

44
Q

pleural effusion
manifestations

A

dyspnea
diminished or absent sound over lungs

45
Q

empyema

A

accumulation of thick purulent fluid in pleural space

46
Q

pulmonary edema

A

accumulation of fluid in the lung tissue, alveolar space or both

47
Q

pulmonary edema
non cardiogenic causes

A

chest trauma
aspiration
smoke inhalation
sepsis
pancreatitis
multiple transfusion
cardiopulmonary bypass

48
Q

pulmonary edema
mainfesations

A

increase in RR
shortness of breath
decrease pulse ox
crackles
when provided oxygen they continue to remain hypoxemia, frothy sputum

49
Q

acute respiratory failure

A

sudden and life threatining deterioration

50
Q

acute respiratory failure
ABG

A

PO2 less than 50
PCO2 greater than 50
pH less than 7.35

51
Q

acute respiratory failure
manifestations
early, late, and turning point

A

restlessness (early)
dyspnea
air hunger
confusion/lethargy (turning point)
tachycardia and tachypnea
diaphoresis
cyanosis (late)
respiratory arrest (LATE)

52
Q

what does actor respiratory failure require

A

intubation and mechanical ventilation

53
Q
A

Med Surg 1 (47 decks)

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