Eye and Vision Disorders (Online Lecture)

Question 1

vision impairment

Answer 1

best corrected visual acuity of 20/40 in the better seeing eye

Question 2

low vision

Answer 2

visual impairment that requires the use of devices and strategies to perform visual tasks

Question 3

blindness

Answer 3

best corrected visual acuity that can range from 20/400 to no light reception

Question 4

legal blindness

Answer 4

impaired vision is BCVA that does not exceed 20/200 in better eye or widest field of vision is 20 degrees or less

Question 5

absolute blindess

Answer 5

absence of light perception

Question 6

if you have impaired vision you generally have some level of ____________ impairment

Answer 6

functional

Question 7

impaired vision likelihood increases

Answer 7

as we get older
over 40 year old
and can be caused by chronic conditions

Question 8

diabetic macular degeneration

Answer 8

fluctuating visual acuity

Question 9

macular degeneration

Answer 9

central acuity problems that result in difficulty to preform activities

Question 10

peripheral field deficits

Answer 10

difficulty with mobility

Question 11

if patients have a functional impairment they can also be at risk for what

Answer 11

falls

Question 12

aging results in structural and functional changes in the eye

Answer 12

cataracts
macular degeneration
eyelid and lacrimal structure changes
presbyopia

Question 13

goal

Answer 13

optimize patients remaining vision and assist patient to perform customary activities
continue to live independently as long as possible while ensuring safety

Question 14

strategies for low vision and blindness
- what to do when walking in

Answer 14

identify yourself as you approach the person and before you make contact

Question 15

strategies for low vision and blindness
- when talking

Answer 15

face the person and speak directly to him or her using a normal tone of voice

Question 16

strategies for low vision and blindness
- be specific when communicating direction

Answer 16

mention a specific distance or use clock cues when possible

Question 17

strategies for low vision and blindness
- when you offer assistance in walking

Answer 17

allow the person to hold your arm just above the elbow and to walk a half step behind you

Question 18

strategies for low vision and blindness
- environment

Answer 18

free of obstacles

Question 19

strategies for low vision and blindness
- if serving food

Answer 19

use clock cue to describe where everything is

Question 20

strategies for low vision and blindness
- service animals

Answer 20

do not distract them

Question 21

the main objective of ocular medication delivery is to

Answer 21

maximize the amount of medication that reaches the ocular site of action in sufficient concentration to produce a beneficial therapeutic effect

Question 22

barriers to absorption include

Answer 22

the size of the conjunctival sac
corneal membrane barriers
blood-ocular barriers
tearing
blinking
drainage

Question 23

difference from intraocular injection or systemic medication

Answer 23

topical medications most frequently used
- least invasive
- have fewer side effects
- permit self administration

Question 24

topical anesthetics

Answer 24

allows removal of sutures or corneal scrapings, injury of eye

effects within 20 seconds-1 min
last 10-20 mins

avoid rubbing eye

not allowed to take continually because they can lead to overuse

Question 25

mydriatics

Answer 25

dilate

Question 26

cycloplegics

Answer 26

paralyze

Question 27

mydratics and cycloplegics

Answer 27

effects can last 3 hours
inability to focus, glare
wear sunglasses
ability to drive depends on individual

Question 28

mydratics and cycloplegics contraindicated

Answer 28

MAOI
TCA

Question 29

mydratics and cycloplegics cause

Answer 29

CNS symptoms
increased BP

Question 30

medications used for glaucoma action

Answer 30

increase aqueous outflow or decrease aqueous production

Question 31

anti inflame drugs/steroids side effects of long term topical steroid use

Answer 31

glaucoma
catracts
increased risk of infection

Question 32

to avoid steroid effects was might be used as an alterantive

Answer 32

NSAIDS

Question 33

instilling eye medications

Answer 33

hand hygiene
do not touch tip of medication to any part of eye or face
instill drops before ointments
apply gentle pressure to inner cants for about 1-2 mins after applying drops
use clean tissue to absorb
wait 5 mins before instilling another eye drop or 10 mins before instilling ointment