Eye and Vision Disorders (Online Lecture) Flashcards
vision impairment
best corrected visual acuity of 20/40 in the better seeing eye
low vision
visual impairment that requires the use of devices and strategies to perform visual tasks
blindness
best corrected visual acuity that can range from 20/400 to no light reception
legal blindness
impaired vision is BCVA that does not exceed 20/200 in better eye or widest field of vision is 20 degrees or less
absolute blindess
absence of light perception
if you have impaired vision you generally have some level of ____________ impairment
functional
impaired vision likelihood increases
as we get older
over 40 year old
and can be caused by chronic conditions
diabetic macular degeneration
fluctuating visual acuity
macular degeneration
central acuity problems that result in difficulty to preform activities
peripheral field deficits
difficulty with mobility
if patients have a functional impairment they can also be at risk for what
falls
aging results in structural and functional changes in the eye
cataracts
macular degeneration
eyelid and lacrimal structure changes
presbyopia
goal
optimize patients remaining vision and assist patient to perform customary activities
continue to live independently as long as possible while ensuring safety
strategies for low vision and blindness
- what to do when walking in
identify yourself as you approach the person and before you make contact
strategies for low vision and blindness
- when talking
face the person and speak directly to him or her using a normal tone of voice
strategies for low vision and blindness
- be specific when communicating direction
mention a specific distance or use clock cues when possible
strategies for low vision and blindness
- when you offer assistance in walking
allow the person to hold your arm just above the elbow and to walk a half step behind you
strategies for low vision and blindness
- environment
free of obstacles
strategies for low vision and blindness
- if serving food
use clock cue to describe where everything is
strategies for low vision and blindness
- service animals
do not distract them
the main objective of ocular medication delivery is to
maximize the amount of medication that reaches the ocular site of action in sufficient concentration to produce a beneficial therapeutic effect
barriers to absorption include
the size of the conjunctival sac
corneal membrane barriers
blood-ocular barriers
tearing
blinking
drainage
difference from intraocular injection or systemic medication
topical medications most frequently used
- least invasive
- have fewer side effects
- permit self administration
topical anesthetics
allows removal of sutures or corneal scrapings, injury of eye
effects within 20 seconds-1 min
last 10-20 mins
avoid rubbing eye
not allowed to take continually because they can lead to overuse
mydriatics
dilate
cycloplegics
paralyze
mydratics and cycloplegics
effects can last 3 hours
inability to focus, glare
wear sunglasses
ability to drive depends on individual
mydratics and cycloplegics contraindicated
MAOI
TCA
mydratics and cycloplegics cause
CNS symptoms
increased BP
medications used for glaucoma action
increase aqueous outflow or decrease aqueous production
anti inflame drugs/steroids side effects of long term topical steroid use
glaucoma
catracts
increased risk of infection
to avoid steroid effects was might be used as an alterantive
NSAIDS
instilling eye medications
hand hygiene
do not touch tip of medication to any part of eye or face
instill drops before ointments
apply gentle pressure to inner cants for about 1-2 mins after applying drops
use clean tissue to absorb
wait 5 mins before instilling another eye drop or 10 mins before instilling ointment
