Lower Respiratory Tract Disorders: Chronic Pulmonary Disorders (Online Lecture) Flashcards
COPD disorders
emphysema and chronic bronchitis
COPD double C
chronic air trapping
- decrease gas exchange
- secondary to chronic inflammation in lungs
chronic Co2 retention
- occurs because they are not able to fully exhale Co2
why do COPD patients have difficult to fully exhale
due to lung hyperinflation, loss of elasticity
is COP reversible
not fully reversibe
we are able to prevent progression
difference of asthma and COPD
asthma is reversible
major risk factor for COPD
MAIN: smoking
- causes chronic destruction of lungs
secondary: respiratory, irritant exposure
- mechanics firefighters
chronic bronchitis
secretion
hyper secretion of mucous in the bronchi
mucus secreting glands and goblet cells increase in number
may cause mucus plug
chronic bronchitis
cillary function
reduced
chronic bronchitis
bronchial walls
thicken
narrow
chronic bronchitis
alveoli
damaged
- decreased gas exchange
chronic bronchitis
infection risk
high
- due to trapping of mucus which can be a spot for bacterial growth
chronic bronchitis is called a
blue bloater
blue bloater
BLUE
B: blue skin, bigger in size
L: long term cough
U: unusal lung soinds
E: edema
- due to cor pulmonale
- right sided heart failure
chronic bronchitis manifestations
color dusky
recurent cough
increase sputum production
hypoxia
digital clubbing
cardiac enlargement
chronic bronchitis ABG
respiratory acidosis
chronic bronchitis pO2 levels
low
emphysema is called
pink puffer
pink puffer
PINK
P: pink color and pursed lip breathing
I: increased chest size
N: no cough
K: kan not lay flat
emphysema manifestions
very thin
short of breath
anxious
col pulmonale but not to extent of bronchitis
loss of surfactant
pursed lip breathing
barrel chest
wheezing sounds
emphysema ABG
respiratory acidosis
emphysema Po2 level
decreased
ABGS
PaCO2
PaO2
pH
increase PaCO2 (normal is 35-45): hypercapnia
decrease in pH (normal is 7.35-7.45): acidosis
decrease PaO2 (normal 80-100)
goal for COPD patient
to be at their normal
they will never be with in normal ranges
sputum samples
infection confirmation
H&H
copd patients have increased RBC and H&H
bodys response to chronically low O2 in hopes to carry more oxygen
*these patients are going to have significant trouble with blood loss
pulmonary function tests
measure degree of advancement
ex: vital capacity
pulse ox
88- low 90s
how can we help manage pts airway
mucolytics
increase fluid (thin secretions)
humidification (prevent trapping)
oxygen therapy with COPD patients
use lowest amount of O2 possible
want to get to patients normal
*COPD patients chemoreceptors become desensitized to CO2 and respiratory drive is based on O2 levels
increase PO2= decreased respiratory drive
patient education
smoking cessation
- helps stop progressing
vacciantions
- at risk for infections
- pneumococcal, flu, covid
what to watch when COPD patients are on oxygen
RR and ABG
pharm
bronchodilators
opens airway
- good for wheezes
doesn’t do anything for trapping or blowing off Co2
pharm
corticosteroids
decrease infection
given during the exacerbation
bullectomy
remove airspace not contributing to breathing
pulmonary rehabilitation
reduce symptoms
increase physical and emotional engagement in activites
assess breath sounds when
before and after interventions
what type of breathing do we want to do
pursed lip breathing
