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Med Surg 1 > Fluid Balance Disturbances > Flashcards

Fluid Balance Disturbances Flashcards

1
Q

risk factors for fluid balance disturbances

A

renal failure
liver failure
severe diarrhea
vomitting
elderly
obese
babies
DKA
GI bleed

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2
Q

fluid balance disturbances varies with

A

age, body size, gender, body fat

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3
Q

obese have more or less fluid

A

less fluid

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4
Q

water intake

A

diet, food, feeding

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5
Q

water loss

A

kidney
sensible/insensible

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6
Q

sensible

A

loss that can be seen

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7
Q

insensible

A

loss that cannot be seen
ex: breathing

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8
Q

serum osmolality normal range

A

270-300

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9
Q

urine osmoloity normal range

A

200-800

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10
Q

urine specific gravity normal range

A

1.010-1.025

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11
Q

urine specific gavirty varies by

A

urine volume

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12
Q

increase in serum osmoloity

A

FVD
burns
diabetes inspidus
hypernat
stroke
head injury
advance liver disease
hyperglycemia
manitol
alcholism

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13
Q

decrease in serum osmolality

A

FVE
SIADH
AKI
diuretic
hyponat
parneoplastic syndrome

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14
Q

BUN normal range

A

10-20

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15
Q

BUN varies with

A

urine output

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16
Q

BUN is increased in

A

FVD

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17
Q

creatinine normal range

A

0.7-1.4

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18
Q

creatinine depends on

A

lean muscle mass
protein intake
person-person

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19
Q

hematocrit normal range

A

males: 42-52%
females: 35-47%

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20
Q

urine sodium normal range

A

75-200

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21
Q

hemaotocrit is elevated in

A

dehydrated people

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22
Q

organs involved in homeostasis

A

kidneys, lungs, heart, adrenal, parathyroid, pituitary

baroreceptors
RAAS
ADH/thirst
osmoreceptors
naturitic peptides

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23
Q

elderly considerations

A

reduced homeostatic mechanisms (cardiac, renal, respiratory)
decreased body fluid percentage
medication use
concomitant conditions

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24
Q

hypovolemia
FVD

A

loss of ECF volume exceeding the intake of fluid

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25
Q

FVD vs dehydration

A

dehydration is loss of water alone with increase sodium levels

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26
Q

FVD clinical mainfestitons
onset

A

rapid

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27
Q

FVD
severity depends on

A

degree of fluid loss

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28
Q

FVD
causes

A

vomit
diarrhea
GI suction
sweating
decrease intake
diabetes inspidus
adrenal insufficieny
hemorrhage
coma

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29
Q

FVD
clinical cues
urine

A

decrease

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30
Q

FVD
clinical cues
weight

A

loss

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31
Q

FVD
clinical cues
neck veins

A

flat

32
Q

FVD
clinical cues
mental/neuro

A

weak
confused
anxious
restless
obtundic/lethargic

33
Q

FVD
clinical cues
pulse

A

increased

34
Q

FVD
clinical cues
RR

A

increased

35
Q

FVD
clinical cues
skin

A

cool, clammy, pale

36
Q

FVD
clinical cues
BP

A

LATE SIGN
decreased

37
Q

FVD
lab findings
H&H

A

increase

38
Q

FVD
lab findings
serum and urine osmolarity

A

increase

39
Q

FVD
lab findings
glucose

A

increase

40
Q

FVD
lab findings
protein

A

increase

41
Q

FVD
lab findings
BUN

A

increase

42
Q

FVD
lab findings
electrolytes

A

increase

43
Q

FVD
lab findings
urine specific gravity

A

increase

44
Q

FVD
lab findings
urine sodium

A

decrease

45
Q

what is the only lab that is decreased in FVD

A

urine sodium

46
Q

FVD
medical management

A

fluid replacement

47
Q

if a patient has FVD and they are ordered IV solutions, what solution might you expect them to revive

A

isotonic

48
Q

FVD
nursing management

A

monitor VS, mental status, I &O, daily weight

49
Q

FVD
nursing management
IV

A

large bore and multiple

50
Q

FVD
nursing management
airway

A

patent airway
O2 as needed

51
Q

FVD
nursing management
auscultation

A

LS, for fluid volume overload

52
Q

FVE
Hypervolemia

A

expansion of ECF
retention of water and sodium

53
Q

who is at increased risk for FVE

A

elderly
- comorbities
- decrease homeostasis

54
Q

FVE
at risk patients

A

heart failure
cirrhosis of liver
increase salt
administration of salt fluids/solutions (NS0.9)
medications (steroids)

55
Q

FVE
clinical manifestions
lower extremities

A

edema

56
Q

FVE
clinical manifestions
neck veins

A

distended

57
Q

FVE
clinical manifestions
lung sounds

A

crackles

58
Q

FVE
clinical manifestions
abdomen

A

ascites

59
Q

FVE
clinical manifestions
weight

A

gain

60
Q

FVE
clinical manifestions
RR depth

A

shortness of breath

61
Q

FVE
clinical manifestions
BP

A

increased

62
Q

FVE
clinical manifestions
pulse paramaters

A

bounding

63
Q

FVE
clinical manifestions
RR

A

increased

64
Q

FVE
clinical manifestions
pulse

A

increased

65
Q

FVE
clinical manifestions
urine

A

increased
*unless renal impairment

66
Q

FVE
lab values
BUN

A

decreased

67
Q

FVE
lab values
hematocrit

A

decreased

68
Q

FVE
lab values
serum osmolarity

A

decreased

69
Q

FVE
lab values
oxygen levels

A

decreased

70
Q

FVE
lab values
Xray

A

pulmonary congestion

71
Q

FVE
medical management
IV

A

discontinue or KVO

72
Q

KVO

A

keep vein open
10mL/hr

73
Q

FVE medical management
symptom management

A

diuretics (won’t work if kidneys don’t work)
fluid restriction
sodium resirtction (OTC meds, electrolyte drinks, bottle water)
dialysis

74
Q

FVE
nursing management

A

monitor VS, mental status, I&O, weight
reduce/restrict fluids

75
Q

FVE
airway

A

patent airway

76
Q

FVE
HOB

A

elevated

77
Q
A

Med Surg 1 (47 decks)

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