Upper Limb Injuries Flashcards
what are some upper limb injuries?
how common are clavicle fractures, where do they occur and how?
1 in 20 fractures involve the clavicle
middle 1/3 most ocmmon 80%
lateral 1/3 12-15%
medial 1/3 5-6%
fall onto shoudler/outstreched hand
what is the management of a clavicle fracture?
most dont need treatment
when would surgery be done in a clavicle fracture? (not done often)
how is the acromioclavicular joint injuried?
- Common in sporting accidents
- Acromion and clavicle separate
what are the different types of acromioclavicular injury and what is the treatment?
•Different types depending on how much ligamentous damage there has been
how do proximal humeral fractures occur?
what is the management of proximal humeral fractures?
•Many heal without surgical management
the shoulder joint is the most mobile joint in the body and this reuslts in stability being sacrifced for mobility
how common do shoulder dislocatons occur and where?
•Most are anterior dislocations – glenoid posterior and humeral head anterior to the scapula
in shoulder dislocation what else needs to be tested?
Test axillary nerve - regimental badge area
•Test axillary nerve because you want to know that any axillary nerve damage was there before shoulder dislocation and not after reduction. Need to let patient know they will spend long time rehabilitating if they have axillary nerve damage as their deltoid muscle will not work
what imaging is needed for shoulder dislocstoin and what is commonly missed?
what is the treatment of shoulder dislocation?
•Younger patients dealt with more aggressively
what is the recurrence of shoulder dislocation?
risk of recurrence increases with your age, male sex and participation in contact sports
18 year old male involved in contact sports - 90% recurrence rate
how may posterior shoulder dislocation be caused and how is the diagnosis made?
- Diagnosis made clinically – with the humeral head locked behind the glenoid the arm cannot rotate, loss of passive external rotation
- Take 2 views x-ray
how does a distal radial fracutre occur in younger patients?
high velocity injury
how does a distal radial fracture occur in older patients?
what is the treatment of a distal radial fracture?
what is a distal radial frcutre also known as?
colles fracture
what are the complications of a colles fracture?
- Can heal in wrong position
- DRUJ pain – distal radial ulnar joint
- EPL – extensor pollicis longus
- CRPS – chronic reginal pain syndrome
what is the most commonly fractures bone in the carpus?
scaphoid
80% occur at waist of scaphoid
what are the risks and imaging used in a scaphoid fracutre?
Early MRI can be done so can identify fracture right after it happened to avoid unnecessary 2 weeks in a cast
what is the diagnosis and treatment of a scaphoid fracture?
- Also splint
- If displacement then need to fix as wont heal well
what is the space of the anatomical snuff box boreded by?
what is an ulnar collateral ligament injury of the thumb MCPJ caused by and what do patients complain off?
what is done on examination of a ulnar collateral ligament injury of the thumb MCPJ?
tender on ulnar side of the joint
joint opens on radial stress
what i s UCL injury of the thumb treatment?
what is bennetts fracture?
intra-articular fracture at base of 1st metacarpal
what is the aetiology of bennetts fracture?
what is the treamtent of bennetts fracture?
what would fight injuries look like and what should you look out for?
what is a boxers fracture and its treatment?
•Normally pinky or ring finger
flexor tendon injuries of the fingers usually occur how, in who and how is it treated?
what needs to be thought about and done in respect to hand injuries?
how is rehabilitation done and what are the benefits?
