Anatomy of the Hip and Knee Flashcards
how would you describe the hip joint?
Strong, Stable, multiaxial, ball and socket type of synovial joint
what make sup the ball of the hip joint?
Ball – Femoral head
What is the socket called?
Socket – Acetabulum (very deep but in shoulder it is shallow)
Head of the femur articulates with the cup-like what?
acetabulum of the hip bone
Depth of the acetabulum increased by what?
Depth of the acetabulum increased by the fibrocartilaginous acetabular labrum and the transverse acetabular ligament
The head is covered with articular cartilage, except for the pit or fovea for what?
the ligament of the head of femur
the Joint Capsule has 3 main ligaments, what are they?
Iliofemoral ligament – Y shaped, prevents hyperextension of hip joint
Pubofemoral ligament- Prevents overabduction of hip joint
Ischiofemoral ligament – From ischial part of the acetabular rim to the neck of the femur
what ligament prevents hyperextension of hip joint?
Iliofemoral ligament
what ligament Prevents overabduction of hip joint?
Pubofemoral ligament
hip movements - what is the chief flexor of the hip joint?
•Iliopsoas (Chief flexor of the hip joint) (psoas major merges with iliacus to form a common tendon and inserts into the lesser trochanter)
what are some other flexors of the hip joint?
- Sartorius
- Tensor fasciae latae
- Rectus femoris
- Pectineus
- Adductor longus, brevis and magnus (anterior part)
- Gracillis
a
Iliacus
b
Psoas major
c
Pectineus
d
Sartorius
e
Adductor muscles
what are the hip extensors?
- Gluteus maximus
- Hamstrings : 1)Semitendinosus,
2) Semimembranosus
3) Biceps femoris – Long head
•Adductor magnus - posterior part
(Extensors of the hip joint and they are the flexors of the knee joint, act on both joints)
name a and b
a - Gluteus maximus
b - Hamstrings
what are the hip adductors?
(Most of these are part of the hip adductor compartment - medial side of thigh)
- Pectineus
- Adductor longus
- Adductor brevis
- Adductor magnus
- Obturator externus
- Gracillis
name a, b and c
a - Pectineus
b - Adductor longus
c - Gracillis
what are the Hip Abductors & Medial Rotators (internal)?
- Gluteus medius
- Gluteus minimus
- Tensor fasciae latae
what are the laterla rotators of the hip?
- Obturator internus & externus
- Piriformis
- Gluteus maximus
- Gemelli
- Quadratus femoris
Gluteus medius and minimus are _______ rotators but the gluteus maxius is a ________ rotator
internal
lateral
what is the Blood and Nerve supply of the hip joint?
- Medial and lateral circumflex arteries – Branches of profunda femoris artery
- Artery to head of femur – branch of the obturator artery supplies medial compartment)
- Nerve supply: Femoral, obturator and superior gluteal nerve
hwat type of joint is the knee joint?
Hinge type of synovial joint
what are the articular surfaces in the knee joint?
1) Femoro -tibial (lateral & medial)
2) Femoro -patellar
The fibula is not involved in the knee joint
The joint capsule is strengthened by 5 capsular ligaments, what are they?
- Patellar ligament
- Fibular or lateral collateral ligament (FCL)
- Tibial or medial collateral ligament (TCL)
- Oblique popliteal ligament -Expansion of semimembranosus tendon
- Arcuate popliteal ligament
how many bursae is there around the knee and how many of them communicate iwth the joint cavity?
- 12 bursae around knee joint
- 4 bursae communicate with the joint cavity
what 4 bursae communicate with the joint cavity?
(When bursa communicate with joint cavity, if injured or injection then it can spread it to the joint)
1) Suprapatellar bursa (top arrow)
2) Popliteal bursa
3) Anserine bursa (middle arrow)
4) Gastrocnemius bursa (bottom arrow)
what are the 2 collaterla ligaments of the knee?
Tibial collateral ligament (TCL)
Fibular collateral ligament (FCL)
where does the Tibial collateral ligament (TCL) run to and from?
- Extends from the medial epicondyle of the femur to medial condyle and medial surface of the tibia
- Deep fibres of the TCL are firmly attached to the medial meniscus
where does the Fibular collateral ligament (FCL) run to and from?
- Extends from lateral epicondyle of femur to head of fibula
- Tendon of popliteus passes deep to the FCL
The intra-articular structures within the knee joint consists of _______ __________ and ______
cruciate ligaments
menisci
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL):
which one is weaker and which one is stornger?
ACl is Weaker of the two due to Poor blood supply
PCL is Stronger of the two
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL):
what do they limit?
ACL - Limits posterior rolling of femoral condyles on the tibia
PCL - Limits anterior rolling of the femur on the tibia
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL):
what do they prevent?
ACL - Prevents posterior displacement of the femur on the tibia and hyperextension of knee
PCL - Prevents hyperflexion of the knee
whata re the Menisci of the Knee Joint and this role?
- Crescentic plates of fibrocartilage
- Deepen the surface and play a role in shock absorption
what is the medial meniscus like?
C – shaped, broader posteriorly, and adheres to the deep surface of TCL (any injury involves both)
what is the lateral meniscus like?
Smaller and more freely movable than medial meniscus. Tendon of the popliteus separates it from the FCL
what movements occur at the knee joint
- Flexion & extension
- Locking (medial rotation of femur on the tibia) and unlocking (lateral rotation of femur on the tibia) of knee
- Popliteus muscle unlocks the knee (initial flexion)
what are the flexors of the knee?
1) Hamstrings
2) Sartorius
3) Gracillis
4) Gastrocnemius
5) Popliteus
what are the extensors of the knee?
1) Quadriceps femoris (got 4 heads)
a
hamstrings
b
gastrocnemius
c
sartorius
d
gracillis
e
quadriceps femoris
