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Year 3 - MSK > Anatomy of the Hip and Knee > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Hip and Knee Flashcards

1
Q

how would you describe the hip joint?

A

Strong, Stable, multiaxial, ball and socket type of synovial joint

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2
Q

what make sup the ball of the hip joint?

A

Ball – Femoral head

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3
Q

What is the socket called?

A

Socket – Acetabulum (very deep but in shoulder it is shallow)

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4
Q

Head of the femur articulates with the cup-like what?

A

acetabulum of the hip bone

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5
Q

Depth of the acetabulum increased by what?

A

Depth of the acetabulum increased by the fibrocartilaginous acetabular labrum and the transverse acetabular ligament

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6
Q

The head is covered with articular cartilage, except for the pit or fovea for what?

A

the ligament of the head of femur

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7
Q

the Joint Capsule has 3 main ligaments, what are they?

A

Iliofemoral ligament – Y shaped, prevents hyperextension of hip joint

Pubofemoral ligament- Prevents overabduction of hip joint

Ischiofemoral ligament – From ischial part of the acetabular rim to the neck of the femur

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8
Q

what ligament prevents hyperextension of hip joint?

A

Iliofemoral ligament

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9
Q

what ligament Prevents overabduction of hip joint?

A

Pubofemoral ligament

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10
Q

hip movements - what is the chief flexor of the hip joint?

A

•Iliopsoas (Chief flexor of the hip joint) (psoas major merges with iliacus to form a common tendon and inserts into the lesser trochanter)

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11
Q

what are some other flexors of the hip joint?

A
  • Sartorius
  • Tensor fasciae latae
  • Rectus femoris
  • Pectineus
  • Adductor longus, brevis and magnus (anterior part)
  • Gracillis
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12
Q

a

A

Iliacus

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13
Q

b

A

Psoas major

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14
Q

c

A

Pectineus

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15
Q

d

A

Sartorius

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16
Q

e

A

Adductor muscles

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17
Q

what are the hip extensors?

A
  • Gluteus maximus
  • Hamstrings : 1)Semitendinosus,

2) Semimembranosus
3) Biceps femoris – Long head

•Adductor magnus - posterior part

(Extensors of the hip joint and they are the flexors of the knee joint, act on both joints)

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18
Q

name a and b

A

a - Gluteus maximus

b - Hamstrings

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19
Q

what are the hip adductors?

(Most of these are part of the hip adductor compartment - medial side of thigh)

A
  • Pectineus
  • Adductor longus
  • Adductor brevis
  • Adductor magnus
  • Obturator externus
  • Gracillis
20
Q

name a, b and c

A

a - Pectineus

b - Adductor longus

c - Gracillis

21
Q

what are the Hip Abductors & Medial Rotators (internal)?

A
  • Gluteus medius
  • Gluteus minimus
  • Tensor fasciae latae
22
Q

what are the laterla rotators of the hip?

A
  • Obturator internus & externus
  • Piriformis
  • Gluteus maximus
  • Gemelli
  • Quadratus femoris
23
Q

Gluteus medius and minimus are _______ rotators but the gluteus maxius is a ________ rotator

A

internal

lateral

24
Q

what is the Blood and Nerve supply of the hip joint?

A
  • Medial and lateral circumflex arteries – Branches of profunda femoris artery
  • Artery to head of femur – branch of the obturator artery supplies medial compartment)
  • Nerve supply: Femoral, obturator and superior gluteal nerve
25
Q

hwat type of joint is the knee joint?

A

Hinge type of synovial joint

26
Q

what are the articular surfaces in the knee joint?

A

1) Femoro -tibial (lateral & medial)
2) Femoro -patellar

The fibula is not involved in the knee joint

27
Q

The joint capsule is strengthened by 5 capsular ligaments, what are they?

A
  1. Patellar ligament
  2. Fibular or lateral collateral ligament (FCL)
  3. Tibial or medial collateral ligament (TCL)
  4. Oblique popliteal ligament -Expansion of semimembranosus tendon
  5. Arcuate popliteal ligament
28
Q

how many bursae is there around the knee and how many of them communicate iwth the joint cavity?

A
  • 12 bursae around knee joint
  • 4 bursae communicate with the joint cavity
29
Q

what 4 bursae communicate with the joint cavity?

(When bursa communicate with joint cavity, if injured or injection then it can spread it to the joint)

A

1) Suprapatellar bursa (top arrow)
2) Popliteal bursa
3) Anserine bursa (middle arrow)
4) Gastrocnemius bursa (bottom arrow)

30
Q

what are the 2 collaterla ligaments of the knee?

A

Tibial collateral ligament (TCL)

Fibular collateral ligament (FCL)

31
Q

where does the Tibial collateral ligament (TCL) run to and from?

A
  • Extends from the medial epicondyle of the femur to medial condyle and medial surface of the tibia
  • Deep fibres of the TCL are firmly attached to the medial meniscus
32
Q

where does the Fibular collateral ligament (FCL) run to and from?

A
  • Extends from lateral epicondyle of femur to head of fibula
  • Tendon of popliteus passes deep to the FCL
33
Q

The intra-articular structures within the knee joint consists of _______ __________ and ______

A

cruciate ligaments

menisci

34
Q

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL):

which one is weaker and which one is stornger?

A

ACl is Weaker of the two due to Poor blood supply

PCL is Stronger of the two

35
Q

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL):

what do they limit?

A

ACL - Limits posterior rolling of femoral condyles on the tibia

PCL - Limits anterior rolling of the femur on the tibia

36
Q

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL):

what do they prevent?

A

ACL - Prevents posterior displacement of the femur on the tibia and hyperextension of knee

PCL - Prevents hyperflexion of the knee

37
Q

whata re the Menisci of the Knee Joint and this role?

A
  • Crescentic plates of fibrocartilage
  • Deepen the surface and play a role in shock absorption
38
Q

what is the medial meniscus like?

A

C – shaped, broader posteriorly, and adheres to the deep surface of TCL (any injury involves both)

39
Q

what is the lateral meniscus like?

A

Smaller and more freely movable than medial meniscus. Tendon of the popliteus separates it from the FCL

40
Q

what movements occur at the knee joint

A
  • Flexion & extension
  • Locking (medial rotation of femur on the tibia) and unlocking (lateral rotation of femur on the tibia) of knee
  • Popliteus muscle unlocks the knee (initial flexion)
41
Q

what are the flexors of the knee?

A

1) Hamstrings
2) Sartorius
3) Gracillis
4) Gastrocnemius
5) Popliteus

42
Q

what are the extensors of the knee?

A

1) Quadriceps femoris (got 4 heads)

43
Q

a

A

hamstrings

44
Q

b

A

gastrocnemius

45
Q

c

A

sartorius

46
Q

d

A

gracillis

47
Q

e

A

quadriceps femoris

Year 3 - MSK (45 decks)

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