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Anatomy > Upper Extremity > Flashcards

Upper Extremity Flashcards

1
Q

Stabilizes the shoulder joint - anterior, superior and posterior parts

WEAKEST on INFERIOR

A

ROTATOR CUFF MUSCLES

SITS

Supraspinatus - above
Infraspinatus - below
Teres minor - posterior
Subscapularis - anterior

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2
Q

Intrinsic Muscles of the Shoulder

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis

Deltoid
Teres major

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3
Q

Lateral Rotator (Intrinsic Muscles of the Shoulder)

A

Infraspinatus – suprascapular nerve

Teres minor – axillary nerve

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4
Q

Abductor (Intrinsic Muscles of the Shoulder)

A

Supraspinatus – suprascapular nerve

Deltoid – axillary nerve

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5
Q

Medial Rotator (Intrinsic Muscles of the Shoulder)

A

Subscapularis – upper subscapular nerve

Teres major – lower subscapular nerve

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6
Q

Muscles of the Arm

A

ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT (FLEXOR)

POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT (EXTENSOR)

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7
Q

Muscles of the Arm

ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT (FLEXOR)

musculocutaneous nerve

A

Coracobrachialis - adducts/flexes the arm

Brachialis - MAIN FLEXOR of the forearm

Biceps Brachii - flexor and MAIN SUPINATOR of the forearm

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8
Q

Muscles of the Arm

POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT (EXTENSOR)

radial nerve

A

Triceps brachii - MAIN EXTENSOR of the forearm

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9
Q

Muscles of the Forearm

A

ANTERIOR (FLEXORS)

LATERAL

POSTERIOR (EXTENSORS)

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10
Q

Muscles of the Forearm

ANTERIOR (FLEXORS)

median nerve EXCEPT FCU and FDP

A 
SUPERFICIAL
Pronator teres - pronation and flexion of the forearm
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

INTERMEDIATE
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

DEEP
Flexor Pollicis Longus
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Pronator Quadratus - pronates forearm

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11
Q

Common FLEXOR tendon

A

Medial Epicondyle of Humerus

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12
Q

Muscles of the Forearm

LATERAL

radial nerve

A

Brachioradialis - FLEXOR of the forearm

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus - extends and abducts hand at wrist joint

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13
Q

Muscles of the Forearm

POSTERIOR (EXTENSORS)

radial nerve

A 
SUPERFICIAL
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
Extensor Digitorum
Extensor Digiti Minimi
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Anconeus - EXTENDS elbow joint
DEEP 
Abductor Pollicis Longus
Extensor Pollicis Brevis
Extensor Pollicis Longus
Extensor Indicis
Supinator - SUPINATION of the forearm
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14
Q

Common EXTENSOR tendon

A

Lateral Epicondyle of Humerus

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15
Q

Inflammation of the common flexor tenson - medial epicondyle tendon

repetitive FLEXION and PRONATION of the forearm at the elbow

A

GOLFER’s ELBOW

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16
Q

Inflammation of the common extensor tenson - lateral epicondyle tendon

results from forced EXTENSION and FLEXION of the forearm at the elbow

A

TENNIS ELBOW

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17
Q

Thenar Muscles

MEDIAN NERVE

A

AFO

Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis
Opponens pollicis

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18
Q

Hypothenar Muscles

ULNAR NERVE

A

AFO

Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi
Opponens digiti minimi

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19
Q

Intrinsic Muscles of Hand

ULNAR NERVE EXCEPT lateral/ 1st and 2nd lumbricals - MEDIAN nerve

A

Palmar interossei (4) - ADDuct fingers

Dorsal interossei (4) - ABDuct fingers

Lumbricals (4) - flexes MCP joints

  • lateral/first and 2nd - median nerve
  • 3rd and 4th - ulnar nerve
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20
Q

Extrinsic Muscles of the Hands

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis - flexes the PROXIMAL IP joints - MEDIAN nerve

Flexor digitorum profundus - DISTAL IP joints - MEDIAN and ULNAR nerve

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21
Q

Axilla - pyramidal in shape

A 
BOUNDARIES
anterior (pectoral)
posterior (scapular)
*medial (costal)
*lateral (humeral)

APEX
clavicle (anterior)
scapula (posterior)
1st rib (medial)

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22
Q

Contents of the Axilla

A

Axillary vein
Axillary artery
Brachial plexus

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23
Q

Quadrangular Space

A

BOUNDARIES

above - TERES MINOR
below - TERES MAJOR
medial - LONG HEAD OF TRICEPS BRACHII
lateral - SURGICAL NECK OF HUMERUS

CONTENTS
axillary nerve (circumflex) nerve
posterior circumflex humeral vessels

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24
Q

Triangular Space

A

BOUNDARIES

above - TERES MINOR
below - TERES MAJOR
lateral - LONG HEAD OF TRICEPS BRACHII

CONTENTS
circumflex scapular vessels

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25
Q

Triangular Interval

A

BOUNDARIES

above - TERES MINOR
medial- LONG HEAD OF TRICEPS BRACHII
lateral - LATERAL HEAD OF TRICEPS OR HUMERUS

CONTENTS
radial nerve
profunda brachii artery

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26
Q

Cubital Fossa

A

BOUNDARIES

lateral - BRACHIORADIALIS
medial - PRONATOR TERES
upper - HORIZONTAL LINE CONNECTING THE EPICONDYLES OF HUMERUS
floor - BRACHIALIS and SUPINATOR

CONTENTS
median nerve
brachial artery
biceps brachii tendon
radial nerve
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27
Q

Anatomical Snuff Box

A

Lateral - tendons of EPB and APL

Med - tendon of EPB

Floor - Scaphoid

Trapezium

28
Q

Continuation of SUBCLAVIAN a

From 1st rib to teres major

Tendon of PECTORALIS MINOR divides the vessel into 3 parts

A

AXILLARY ARTERY

1st PART
*superior thoracic artery (highest thoracic artery)

2nd PART
Thoracoacromial
*pectoral
*acromial
*deltoid
*clavicular

Lateral Thoracic

3rd PART
Subscapular - LARGEST branch
*Thoracodorsal
*Circumflex scapular

Anterior Circumflex Humeral
Posterior Circumflex Humeral

29
Q

Axillary artery continues as

A

Brachial artery
Radial/Ulnar artery
Palmar arch

30
Q

Superficial lymphatic vessels from the THUMB, INDEX and LATERAL side of the HAND follow the

A

CEPHALIC vein – INFRACLAVICULAR LYMPH NODES

31
Q

Superficial lymphatic vessels from the MEDIAL side of the HAND follow the

A

BASILIC vein – SUPRATROCHLEAR LYMPH NODES – LATERAL GROUP of axillary lymph nodes

32
Q

Deep lymphatic vessels follow the arteries to the

A

LATERAL GROUP of axillary lymph nodes

33
Q

Displacement of the bones at the GLENOHUMERAL JOINT

A

SHOULDER DISLOCATION

anterior inferior dislocation
posterior dislocation

34
Q

Clavicle torn away from the end of acromion

Occurs at the ACROMIOCLAVICULAR joint

A

SHOULDER SEPARATION

35
Q

Most commonly affected tendon in inflammation of rotator cuff

A

SUPRASPINATUS

pain anterior and superior to the shoulder during ABDUCTION

36
Q

Compression of the suprascapular nerve as it passes through the suprascapular notch

severe deep aching pain that radiates from the top of the scapula to the ipsilateral shoulder

A

Suprascapular Nerve Entrapment

37
Q

Brachial Plexus

A

5 roots - C5, C6, C7, C8, T1

3 trunks

  • C5,C6 - superior
  • C7 - middle
  • C8,T1 - inferior

6 divisions
3 anterior
3 posterior

3 cords
lateral
posterior
medial

38
Q

Branches of Brachial Plexus

A

lateral cord – MUSCULOCUTANEOUS (C5-C7)

posterior cord - AXILLARY (C5-C6)

posterior cord - RADIAL (C5-T1)

lateral and medial - MEDIAN (C5-T1)

medial - ULNAR (C7-T1)

39
Q

Brachial Plexus - AXILLARY (C5-C6) Nerve

A

Deltoid, Teres Minor

40
Q

Brachial Plexus - MUSCULOCUTANEOUS (C5-C7) Nerve

A

FLEXOR compartment of the arm

41
Q

Brachial Plexus - RADIAL (C5-T1) Nerve

A

EXTENSOR compartment of arm and forearm

42
Q

Brachial Plexus - MEDIAN (C5-T1) Nerve

A

FLEXOR compartment of forearm EXCEPT FCU and MEDIAL SIDE OF FDP

THENAR muscles

43
Q

Brachial Plexus - ULNAR (C7-T1) Nerve

A

Intrinsic muscles of the hand

HYPOTHENAR muscle

44
Q

Long Thoracic Nerve (C5-C7)

A

Serratus anterior

45
Q

Suprascapular (C5-C6)

A

Infraspinatus

Supraspinatus

46
Q

Occurs d.t. fall on the shoulder of during a difficult delivery

UPPER BRACHIAL PLEXUS INJURY (C5 and C6)

arm medially rotated and forearm pronated

lateral - sensory loss

A

ERB DUCHENNE (Waiter’s tip)

47
Q

Occurs d.t. excessive abduction of the arm or by stab or bullet wounds

LOWER BRACHIAL PLEXUS INJURY (C8 and T1)

weakness of the wrist and finger flexors of the hand

medial - sensory loss

A

KLUMPKE (Claw hand)

48
Q

Most commonly injured as it courses superficial to the SERRATUS ANTERIOR on the lateral wall of the thorax

“WINGED SCAPULA”

thoracic surgery, radical mastectomy, stab wound

A

LONG THORACIC NERVE LESIONS

weakness in ability to PROTRACT the scapula and difficulty in raising their arm above the head

49
Q

May be a result of SURGICAL PROCEDURE OF THE AXILLA

LATISSIMUS DORSI - affected

A

THORACODORSAL NERVE LESIONS

50
Q

May be injured as a result of DISLOCATION of the HEAD of the HUMERUS or by a FRACTURE of the SURGICAL NECK of the HUMERUS

A

Axillary Nerve Lesions

downward shoulder dislocations

paralysis of the deltoid and teres minor muscle – loss of abduction from 15-90

51
Q

Occurs d.t. SPIRAL FRACTURE of the MIDSHAFT of the humerus or crutches pressing in axilla

Saturday night palsy

WRIST DROP

A

RADIAL NERVE LESION

52
Q

PROXIMAL lesion - SUPRACONDYLAR FRACTURE of the HUMERUS

Compression b/w heads of pronator teres muscle

Altered cutaneous sensation - lateral 3 and 1/2 digits and thenar eminence

Weakness in flexion at wrist; flexion of lateral fingers and flexion of thumb

A

MEDIAN NERVE LESIONS

HAND OF BENEDICTION

53
Q

DISTAL lesion - CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME; LUNATE dislocation

Numbness and pain over the palmar aspects of thumb, index and middle finger

Altered cutaneous sensation - lateral 2 and 1/2 digits

Weakness in OPPOSITION of thumb; remains ADDUCTED and EXTENDED

A

MEDIAN NERVE LESIONS

APE HAND

54
Q

Entrapment of the MEDIAN nerve within the CARPAL TUNNEL

pain, sensory paresthesia and muscle weakness

A

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

burning pain or “pins and needles”

55
Q

Lies b/w the TENDONS of FLEXOR DIGITORUM SUPERFICIALIS and FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS

A

Median Nerve

56
Q

PROXIMAL lesion - MEDIAL EPICONDYLE fracture of the humerus

altered cutaneous sensation - medial 1 and 1/2 digits and hypothenar eminence

weakness in flexion of medial fingers; flexion at wrist

A

ULNAR NERVE LESIONS

57
Q

DISTAL lesion - FRACTURE hook of HAMATE

altered sensation in skin of the medial aspect of the hand and digits

A

ULNAR NERVE LESIONS

CLAW HANDS

58
Q

HUMERAL FRACTURES

A

Surgical neck - AXILLARY NERVE; posterior circumflex artery may be lacerated

midshaft/spiral - RADIAL NERVE and profunda brachial artery may be affected

supracondylar - MEDIAN NERVE; contraction of triceps and brachialis may shorten the arm

medial epicondyle - ULNAR NERVE

59
Q

Fall on the shoulder or outstretched hand

MOST COMMONLY FRACTURED BONE

medial segment - elevated by pull of SCM

lateral segment - displaced downward by gravity and pull of deltoid and pectoralis major

BRACHIAL PLEXUS INJURY/LOWER TRUNK

HEMORRHAGE from SUBCLAVIAN VEIN/ARTERY

A

CLAVICLE

60
Q

Fracture of the BASE of the FIRST MCP bone

A

BENNETT FRACTURE

61
Q

Oblique fracture of the NECKS of the 4th and 5th MCP

A

BOXER FRACTURE

62
Q

Fall on the OUTSTRETCHED hand

Distal segment POSTERIORLY and SUPERIORLY

A

COLLE/DINNER/SILVER FORK DEFORMITY

Distal radial fracture, fragment dorsally placed

63
Q

Fall on the BACK of the HAND

ANTERIORLY

A

SMITH FRACTURE

Distal radial fracture, fragment ventrally placed

64
Q

MOST COMMONLY FRACTURED CARPAL BONE

A

SCAPHOID

pain and tenderness localized over the anatomical snuffbox after a fall on the outstretched han

65
Q

MOST COMMONLY DISLOCATED CARPAL BONE

may cause CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME

A

LUNATE

Anatomy (76 decks)

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