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Anatomy > Cells and the Basic Tissues > Flashcards

Cells and the Basic Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

Composed of rRNA and proteins

Basophilic

Assemble polypeptides (translation)

A

Ribosomes

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2
Q

Network of channels or cisternae from the

nuclear surface throughout the cytoplasm

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

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3
Q

Studded with many polyribosomes

Very basophilic

Protein synthesis

A

Rough Endoplasmic reticulum (RER)

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4
Q

Lack polyribosomes

Not basophilic

Phospholipid and steroid synthesis
Detoxification
Ca2+ release and sequestration

A

Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum (SER)

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5
Q

Smooth saccular membranes

Divided into a cis and trans-face

Posttranslational modification of proteins

Forms secretory vesicles and lysosomes

A

Golgi Apparatus

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6
Q

Spherical vesicles

Heterolysosome: lysosome with a fused vesicle

Residual body: indigested material

Intracellular digestion

Turnover of cellular components

A

Lysosomes

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7
Q

Cylinder-shaped protein complexes with no membrane

Degrade denatured, nonfunctional, or unneeded proteins

A

Proteasomes

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8
Q

Outer and inner membranes

Matrix: innermost space; contain DNA, RNA, and ribosomes

Formation of ATP

Involved in apoptosis

A

Mitochondria

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9
Q

Small, spherical membrane-bound

Contain oxidative enzymes

β-oxidation

H2O2 production and degradation

Detoxification

A

Peroxisomes

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10
Q

Surface Ectoderm

A

think EXTERNAL structures - epidermis and epithelium of the oral cavity and anal

Epidermis
Epithelium of oral cavity and anal canal (below pectinate line)
Adenohypophysis (from Rathke pouch)
Lens of the eye
Sensory organs of the ear
Olfactory epithelium
Parotid, sweat, and mammary glands
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11
Q

Neural Tube

A

think CNS, RETINA, SPINAL CORD except microglia

Brain (neurohypophysis, CNS neurons, all CNS glial cells except microglia, pineal gland)
Retina
Spinal cord

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12
Q

Neural Crest

A

ELMOPASSES

Enterochromaffin cells
Leptomeninges (arachnoid and pia mater)
Melanocytes
Odontoblasts
PNS ganglia (cranial, dorsal root, autonomic)
Adrenal medulla
Schwann cells
Spiral membrane (or aorticopulmonary septum)
Endocardial cushions
Skull bones
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13
Q

Mesoderm

A

MIDDLE STRUCTURES, MICROGLIA, MUSCLE, CT and SPECIALIZED CT

Dermis
Muscle, bone, connective tissue, tracheal cartilage
Cardiovascular structures
Lymphatics and blood
Serous linings of cavities (e.g. peritoneum, pericardium, pleura)
Kidneys, adrenal cortex, spleen
Wall of gut tube
Upper 2/3 of vagina
Testes and ovaries
Microglia
Dura mater
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14
Q

Endoderm

A

INTERNAL STRUCTURES

Gut tube epithelium (including anal canal above pectinate line)
Most of urethra and lower 1/3 of vagina
Luminal epithelial derivatives (lung, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, Eustachian tube, thymus, parathyroid, thyroid follicular and parafollicular cells)

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15
Q

The ONLY basic tissue to be derived from all 3 germ layers

A

EPITHELIAL TISSUE

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16
Q

Simple Squamous

A

endothelium - lines luminal surface area of heart and blood vessels

mesothelium - lines serous surfaces (pericardium, peritoneum, pleura)

17
Q

Simple Cuboidal

A

ovaries
thyroid gland follicles
some ducts of salivary glands and pancreas
collecting tubules of kidneys

18
Q

Simple Columnar

A

colon (goblet cells), small intestines
fallopian tubes
respiratory tracts
Vas deferens

19
Q

Keratinized Stratified Squamous

A

epidermis

20
Q

Non-Keratinized Stratified Squamous

A

mouth, esophagus, larynx, vagina, anal canal

21
Q

Stratified Cuboidal and Columnar

A

Stratified Cuboidal
excretory ducts of sweat glands, developing ovarian follicles

Stratified Columnar
conjunctiva

22
Q

Transitional epithelium (Urothelium)

A

lines most of the urinary tract

23
Q

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

A

trachea, bronchi, nasal cavities

24
Q

Secrete using membrane bound vesicles so no part is lost during the process

A

MEROCRINE GLAND

salivary gland

25
Q

Secrete by the destruction of whole cells

A

HOLOCRINE GLAND

sebaceous galnd

26
Q

Secrete by losing their apical cytoplasm

A

APOCRINE GLAND

mammary glands, ceruminous glands

27
Q

Most abundant protein in the body

A

COLLAGEN

28
Q

Largest and most ubiquitous GAG, binds water and allows for lubrication and molecular diffusion

A

Hyaluronan

29
Q

Loose Areolar Connective Tissue

A

Lamina propria of GIT

30
Q

Dense Regular Connective Tissue

A

TALC

Tendons
Aponeurosis
Ligaments
Cornea

31
Q

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue

A

CPR

Capsules
Periosteum
Perichondrium
Perimysium
Perineurium
Reticular layer of dermis
32
Q

Smallest repetitive contractile and functional unit of skeletal muscle

A

SARCOMERE

33
Q

Smallest unit w/n muscle fibers seen under light microscope

A

MYOFIBRIL

34
Q

Muscle cell w/ nuclei and myofibrils

A

MUSCLE FIBERS

35
Q

Formed by several muscle fibers

A

Muscle Bundle/ Fascicles

36
Q

Overlies sarcolemma of individual muscle fibers

A

Endomysium

37
Q

Surrounds each muscle bundle or fascicle

A

Perimysium

38
Q

Surrounds the entire muscle

A

Epimysium

39
Q

Highest concentration of MITOCHONDRIA

branching mononucleated cells w/ striations
DYAD of 1 terminal cistern per tubule

A

CARDIAC MUSCLE

Anatomy (76 decks)

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