Cells and the Basic Tissues Flashcards
Composed of rRNA and proteins
Basophilic
Assemble polypeptides (translation)
Ribosomes
Network of channels or cisternae from the
nuclear surface throughout the cytoplasm
Endoplasmic reticulum
Studded with many polyribosomes
Very basophilic
Protein synthesis
Rough Endoplasmic reticulum (RER)
Lack polyribosomes
Not basophilic
Phospholipid and steroid synthesis
Detoxification
Ca2+ release and sequestration
Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum (SER)
Smooth saccular membranes
Divided into a cis and trans-face
Posttranslational modification of proteins
Forms secretory vesicles and lysosomes
Golgi Apparatus
Spherical vesicles
Heterolysosome: lysosome with a fused vesicle
Residual body: indigested material
Intracellular digestion
Turnover of cellular components
Lysosomes
Cylinder-shaped protein complexes with no membrane
Degrade denatured, nonfunctional, or unneeded proteins
Proteasomes
Outer and inner membranes
Matrix: innermost space; contain DNA, RNA, and ribosomes
Formation of ATP
Involved in apoptosis
Mitochondria
Small, spherical membrane-bound
Contain oxidative enzymes
β-oxidation
H2O2 production and degradation
Detoxification
Peroxisomes
Surface Ectoderm
think EXTERNAL structures - epidermis and epithelium of the oral cavity and anal
Epidermis Epithelium of oral cavity and anal canal (below pectinate line) Adenohypophysis (from Rathke pouch) Lens of the eye Sensory organs of the ear Olfactory epithelium Parotid, sweat, and mammary glands
Neural Tube
think CNS, RETINA, SPINAL CORD except microglia
Brain (neurohypophysis, CNS neurons, all CNS glial cells except microglia, pineal gland)
Retina
Spinal cord
Neural Crest
ELMOPASSES
Enterochromaffin cells Leptomeninges (arachnoid and pia mater) Melanocytes Odontoblasts PNS ganglia (cranial, dorsal root, autonomic) Adrenal medulla Schwann cells Spiral membrane (or aorticopulmonary septum) Endocardial cushions Skull bones
Mesoderm
MIDDLE STRUCTURES, MICROGLIA, MUSCLE, CT and SPECIALIZED CT
Dermis Muscle, bone, connective tissue, tracheal cartilage Cardiovascular structures Lymphatics and blood Serous linings of cavities (e.g. peritoneum, pericardium, pleura) Kidneys, adrenal cortex, spleen Wall of gut tube Upper 2/3 of vagina Testes and ovaries Microglia Dura mater
Endoderm
INTERNAL STRUCTURES
Gut tube epithelium (including anal canal above pectinate line)
Most of urethra and lower 1/3 of vagina
Luminal epithelial derivatives (lung, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, Eustachian tube, thymus, parathyroid, thyroid follicular and parafollicular cells)
The ONLY basic tissue to be derived from all 3 germ layers
EPITHELIAL TISSUE
Simple Squamous
endothelium - lines luminal surface area of heart and blood vessels
mesothelium - lines serous surfaces (pericardium, peritoneum, pleura)
Simple Cuboidal
ovaries
thyroid gland follicles
some ducts of salivary glands and pancreas
collecting tubules of kidneys
Simple Columnar
colon (goblet cells), small intestines
fallopian tubes
respiratory tracts
Vas deferens
Keratinized Stratified Squamous
epidermis
Non-Keratinized Stratified Squamous
mouth, esophagus, larynx, vagina, anal canal
Stratified Cuboidal and Columnar
Stratified Cuboidal
excretory ducts of sweat glands, developing ovarian follicles
Stratified Columnar
conjunctiva
Transitional epithelium (Urothelium)
lines most of the urinary tract
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
trachea, bronchi, nasal cavities
Secrete using membrane bound vesicles so no part is lost during the process
MEROCRINE GLAND
salivary gland
