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Anatomy > Abdomen > Flashcards

Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

Most superficial abdominal muscles

Interdigitate w/ serratus anterior and latissimus dorsi

OBLIQUELY DOWNWARD and MEDIALLY

Form aponeurosis

A

External Oblique

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2
Q

Deep to external oblique

UPWARD and MEDIAL

internal oblique + transversus abdominis = CONJOINT TENDON

A

Internal Oblique

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3
Q

Innermost
Flat

contribute to CONJOINT TENDON

A

Transversus abdominis

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4
Q

On either side of linea alba

Segmented = tendinous intersections

lateral borders convex = LINEA SEMILUNARIS

A

Rectus abdominis

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5
Q

Not always present abdominal muscle

Tenses linea alba

A

Pyramidalis

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6
Q

Subcostal plane

A

10th rib; L3

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7
Q

Umbilicus

A

level of IVC; L3-L4

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8
Q

Transtubercular

A

iliac tubercle; L5

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9
Q

Layers of Abdominal Wall

A

Skin

Superficial FATTY layer (Camper)

Superficial MEMBRANOUS layer (Scarpa)

Deep Fascia

External Oblique

Internal Oblique

Transversus abdominis

Transversalis fascia

Extraperitoneal fat

Parietal peritoneum

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10
Q

Contents of Rectus Sheath

A 
Rectus abdominis
Pyramidalis
Superior epigastric vessels
Inferior epigastric vessels
Lower 5 intercostal and subcostal vessels and nerves
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11
Q

Crescent shaped line marking the inferior limit of the rectus sheath

Midway b/w umbilicus and pubic crest

A

ARCUATE LINE (LINEA SEMICIRCULARIS)

potential site for Spigelian hernia

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12
Q

Rectus sheath ABOVE the arcuate line

A

ANTERIOR - external oblique + internal oblique

POSTERIOR - transversus abdominis + internal oblique

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13
Q

Rectus sheath BELOW the arcuate line

A

ANTERIOR - EO + IO +TA

POSTERIOR - no layer of rectus sheath

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14
Q

Boundaries of Inguinal/Hesselbach Triangle

potential site of herniation (direct)

A

SUP and LAT - inferior epigastric artery

INF and LAT - inguinal ligament/Poupart ligament

MEDIAL - rectus abdominis (lateral)

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15
Q

1 1/2 in (4 cm) long

Begins at the DEEP INGUINAL RING (hole in fascia transversalis) to SUPERFICIAL INGUINAL RING (hole in external oblique aponeurosis)

Parallel and above the inguinal ligament

A

INGUINAL CANAL

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16
Q

Walls of Inguinal Canal

A

ANT - EOM aponeurosis
POST - Transversalis fascia and conjoint tendon
SUP/ROOF - IO and TA
INF/FLOOR - inguinal ligament

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17
Q

Contents of Inguinal Canal

A

MALE - spermatic cord
FEMALE - round ligament of uterus

BOTH - ilioinguinal nerve

18
Q

Structures w/n the spermatic cord

3 arteries
2 nerves
2 others
1 vein
1 lymphatic vessels
A

testicular artery
cremasteric artery
artery of vas deferens

autonomic nerves
genital branch of genitofemoral nerve

vas deferens
processus vaginalis

testicular veins (pampiniform plexus)

testicular lymph vessels

19
Q

Glistening transparent serous membrane

A

PERITONEUM

Parietal - lines the internal surface of the abdomino-pelvic wall

Visceral - lines the investing organ/viscera

20
Q

Sensitive to pressure, pain, heat and cold

pain is LOCALIZED

A

Parietal peritoneum

21
Q

Insensitive to touch, heat and cold

Stimulated by stretching

pain is POORLY LOCALIZED

A

Visceral peritoneum

22
Q

Covered with visceral peritoneum

A

Intraperitoneal organs

23
Q

Outside, external or posterior to the parietal peritoneum

Partially covered with peritoneum (usually on one surface)

A

Extraperitoneal, Retroperitoneal and Subperitoneal

24
Q

Peritoneal Organs

-inside the peritoneum

A 
esophagus
stomach
1st part duodenum
jejunum/ileum
cecum and appendix
transverse/sigmoid colon
superior rectum
liver, biliary tree
spleen
25
Q

Retroperitoneal organs

A

SAD PUCKER

Suprarenal gland (adrenals)
Abdominal aorta (IVC)
Duodenum (2nd-4th)
Pancreas
Ureters
Colon (ascending and descending)
Kidneys
Esophagus
Rectum (middle)
26
Q

Primary Retroperitoneal Organs

A 
Kidney
Ureter
Urinary bladder
Uterus
Fallopian tube
Aorta
IVC
Suprarenal glands
27
Q

Secondary Retroperitoneal Organs

A

Duodenum (2nd-4th)
Pancreas
Colon (ascending and descending)
Rectum (middle)

28
Q

Extraperitoneal Organ

A

Inferior Rectum

29
Q

Potential space b/w the parietal and visceral layers of peritoneum

Peritoneal fluid - lubricates enabling the viscera to move over each other with friction

NO ORGANS

MALES - completely closed

A

Peritoneal Cavity

30
Q

Main and larger part of the peritoneal cavity

Extends from DIAPHRAGM to the PELVIS

A

Greater Sac

31
Q

Smaller part

Lies POSTERIOR to the STOMACH and LESSER OMENTUM

A

Lesser Sac

2 recesses:
SUPERIOR
INFERIOR

32
Q

Opening from the greater sac into the lesser sac (omental bursa) immediately inferior to the HEPATODUODENAL LIGAMENT

A

FORAMEN OF WINSLOW/EPIPLOIC FORAMEN

ANT - hepatoduodenal ligament (portal vein, hepatic artery, bile duct) - PORTAL TRIAD

POST - IVC

SUP - caudate lobe liver

INF - superior part of duodenum

33
Q

Extensions of the visceral peritoneum

A

PERITONEAL REFLECTIONS

Mesentery
Ligaments
Omentum

34
Q

4 layered
greater curvature of stomach

“abdominal policemen”

A

GREATER OMENTUM

3 parts
gastrophrenic
gastrosplenic
gastrocolic

35
Q

2 layered

connects lesser curvature of stomach, duodenum and proximal part of the duodenum to the liver

A

LESSER OMENTUM

2 parts
hepatoduodenal ligament
hepatogastric ligament

36
Q

Hepatoduodenal artery conducts the portal triad

A

PORTAL VEIN - posterior

COMMON BILE DUCT - anterior and to the right

HEPATIC ARTERY - anterior and to the left

37
Q

Outpouching of the lower abdominal wall whereby layers of the abdominal wall continue into the scrotal area to cover the spermatic cord and testes

A

Scrotum

38
Q

Cancer of the scrotum will metastasize to

A

SUPERFICIAL INGUINAL NODES

39
Q

Cancer of the testes will metastasize to

A

DEEP LUMBAR NODES

40
Q

In a vasectomy the scalpel will cut through the ff layers in succession

A

Skin – Colles fascia and Dartos muscle – External spermatic fascia – Cremasteric and fascia and muscle – Internal spermatic fascia – Extraperitoneal

TUNICA VAGINALIS – NOT CUT

41
Q

Cremasteric reflex - Stroking the skin of the superior and medial thigh stimulates sensory fibers that run with

A

ILIOINGUINAL NERVE (afferent limb)

GENITAL BRANCH OF THE GENITOFEMORAL NERVE (efferent limb) - cause contraction of the cremasteric muscle – elevation of testes

42
Q

2 recommended areas of abdominal wall entry for paracentesis

A

2 cm BELOW the umbilicus in the midline

5 cm or 3 cm superior and medial to the ASIS on either side

Anatomy (76 decks)

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