Larynx

Question 1

Organ that provides a protective sphincter at the inlet of air passages

Responsible for voice production

Situated below the tongue and hyoid bone

Opens above into the laryngeal part of the Pharynx and below is continuous with Trachea

Answer 1

Larynx

Lies at the level of the C3-C6

the narrowest point in the upper respiratory tract, making it susceptible to obstructions

Question 2

the LARGEST of the cartilages

single HYALINE cartilage

superior border lies opposite the C4 vertebrae
inferior two thirds of its two plate-like laminae fuse anteriorly in the median plane –> laryngeal prominence (Adam’s apple)

Answer 2

Thyroid cartilage

Question 3

single HYALINE cartilage that is shaped like a SIGNET ring

at the level of CV6 and articulates with the thyroid cartilage

lower border marks the end of the pharynx and larynx

Answer 3

Cricoid cartilage

Question 4

single ELASTIC cartilage

LEAF-shaped cartilage attached by its stem to the posterior aspect of the thyroid cartilage at the angle

Answer 4

Epiglottis

Question 5

Unpaired cartilages

Answer 5

Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
Epiglottis

Question 6

paired, three-sided PYRAMIDAL cartilages

with bases that articulate with and rotate on the cricoid cartilage

vocal processes - give attachment to the vocal ligament and vocalis muscle

muscular processes - give attachment to the thyroarytenoid muscle and the lateral and
posterior cricoarytenoid muscles

Answer 6

Arytenoid cartilages

Question 7

paired ELASTIC cartilages that lie on the apices of the arytenoid cartilages

enclosed within the aryepiglottic folds of mucous membrane

ROD shaped

Answer 7

Cuneiform cartilages

Question 8

paired elastic cartilages that lie in the aryepiglottic folds anterior to the corniculate cartilages

CONICAL shaped

Answer 8

Corniculate cartilages

Question 9

Paired cartilages

Answer 9

Arytenoid cartilages
Cuneiform cartilages
Corniculate cartilages

Question 10

Extrinsic Laryngeal Muscles

Answer 10

Infrahyoid Muscles - depressors of hyoid and larynx

Suprahyoid and Stylopharyngeus - elevators of the hyoid and larynx

Question 11

Move the laryngeal components, altering the length and tension of the vocal folds and the size and shape of the rima glottidis

Answer 11

Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles

Question 12

All intrinsic muscles of the larynx are supplied by RECURRENT LARYNGEAL NERVE (branch of CN X) EXCEPT

Answer 12

Cricothyroid - external laryngeal nerve (superior laryngeal nerve)

Question 13

Intrinsic Muscles

Principal Adductor

Answer 13

Lateral crico-arytenoid muscles (LAD)

Transverse and oblique arytenoid muscles

Question 14

Intrinsic Muscles

Abductor

Answer 14

Posterior crico-arytenoid muscle (PAB)

most important to allow air movement through larynx

Question 15

Intrinsic Muscles

Sphincters

Answer 15

Lateral crico-arytenoids
Transverse and oblique arytenoids
Ary-epiglottic muscles

Question 16

Intrinsic Muscles

Tensors

Answer 16

Cricothyroid muscles - TENSOR

Question 17

Intrinsic Muscles

Relaxers

Answer 17

Thyroarytenoid muscles - RELAXOR

Question 18

Arises from the inferior vagal ganglion at the superior end of the carotid triangle

Divides into two terminal branches within the carotid sheath:

Answer 18

SUPERIOR LARYNGEAL NERVE

External Laryngeal Nerve
Internal Laryngeal Nerve

Question 19

Continuation of the RECURRENT LARYNGEAL NERVE (a branch of the vagus nerve)

accompany the inferior laryngeal artery into the larynx

Answer 19

INFERIOR LARYNGEAL NERVE

Question 20

Can result from dissection around the ligament of Berry or ligation of the inferior thyroid artery during thyroidectomy

hoarse voice
inability to speak for long periods

movement of the vocal fold on the affected side toward the midline

Answer 20

Unilateral Damage to the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve

Question 21

Lesion in this nerve could be produced during thyroidectomy or cricothyrotomy or by aortic aneurysm

May cause respiratory obstruction, hoarseness, inability to speak, and loss of sensation below the vocal cord

Answer 21

LESION OF THE RECURRENT LARYNGEAL NERVE

Question 22

Lesion in this nerve results in loss of sensation above the vocal cord and loss of taste on the epiglottis

Answer 22

LESION OF THE INTERNAL LARYNGEAL NERVE

Question 23

May occur during thyroidectomy because the nerve accompanies the superior thyroid artery

Causes paralysis of the cricothyroid muscle –> paralysis of the laryngeal muscle –> inability to lengthen the vocal cord and loss of the tension of the vocal cord

fatigued voice and a weak hoarseness

Answer 23

LESION OF THE EXTERNAL LARYNGEAL NERVE

Question 24

Can result from dissection around the ligament of Berry or ligation of the inferior thyroid artery during thyroidectomy acute breathlessness (dyspnea) since both vocal folds move toward the midline and close off the air passage

Answer 24

BILATERAL DAMAGE TO THE RECURRENT LARYNGEAL NERVE

Question 25

Lesion in this nerve can result when ligating the superior thyroid artery during thyroidectomy

Can be avoided by ligating the superior thyroid artery at its entrance into the thyroid gland

Will result in a weak voice with loss of projection, and the vocal cord on the affected side appears flaccid

Answer 25

DAMAGE TO THE SUPERIOR LARYNGEAL NERVE

Question 26

This artery is most associated with external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (EBSLN)

Answer 26

SUPERIOR thyroid artery

injury to EBSLN – cannot produce HIGH PITCHED sounds

Question 27

This artery is most associated with recurrent laryngeal nerve

Answer 27

INFERIOR thyroid artery

injury to RLN = HOARSENESS/BREATHINESS

Question 28

ALL laryngeal cartilages are ELASTIC EXCEPT

Answer 28

thyroid, cricoid and inferior arytenoid cartilages (hyaline)

Question 29

Lined by respiratory epithelium w/ seromucous epithelium w/ seromucous glands and lymphoid nodules

Answer 29

Vestibular Folds

Question 30

Non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 30

Vocal Folds