Head

Question 1

Layers of the Scalp

Answer 1

SCALP
Skin
Connective tissue (dense)
Aponeurosis (Galea aponeurotica)
Loose (Areolar) Connective tissue 
Pericranium/Periosteum

Question 2

Meninges

Answer 2

Dura Mater
Arachnoid Mater
Pia Mater

Question 3

2 Layers of the Dura Mater

Answer 3

Endosteal layer

Meningeal layer

Question 4

Dura Mater Extensions

Answer 4

Falx cerebri
Tentorium cerebelli
Falx cerebelli
Diaphragma sella

Question 5

Sickle shaped fold of dura mater

Lies b/w 2 cerebral hemispheres

Answer 5

Falx cerebri

Question 6

Crescent shaped fold of dura mater

Supports the occipital lobes of the cerebral hemispheres

Answer 6

Tentorium cerebelli

Question 7

Small sickle shaped fold of dura mater

Lies b/w 2 cerebellar hemispheres

Answer 7

Falx cerebelli

Question 8

Small circular fold of dura mater

Forms the roof of Sella turcica

Answer 8

Diaphragma sella

Question 9

Dura mater receives its sensory nerve supply from

Answer 9

Trigeminal nerve
Cervical nerve (1st branches)

Question 10

Delicate impermeable membrane covering the brain and lying b/w the Pia mater internally and Dura mater externally

Answer 10

Arachnoid mater

Question 11

Most vascular layer
Covered by flattened mesothelial cells; closely invests the brain covering the gyri and descending into the deepest sulci

Answer 11

Pia mater

Question 12

Paired Cranial Bones

Answer 12

Parietal

Temporal

Question 13

Unpaired Facial Bones

Answer 13

Vomer

Mandible

Question 14

Formed by the union of the R and L vertebral arteries

Answer 14

Basilar artery

Question 15

Supplies the midbrain, thalamus and occipital lobe w/ visual cortex

Answer 15

Posterior Cerebral Artery

Question 16

Occlusion of Posterior Cerebral Artery will cause

Answer 16

Contralateral sensory loss of all modalities w/ concomitant severe pain(i.e. Thalamic syndrome of Dejerine and Roussy) d.t. damage to the thalamus and contralateral hemianopia w/ macular sparing

Question 17

Provides posterior circulation (30%)

Answer 17

VERTEBRAL ARTERY

Posterior Inferior Cerebellar artery (PICA)
Basilar a

Question 18

Provides anterior circulation (70%)

Answer 18

INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY

Middle Cerebral Artery
Anterior Communicating Artery
Posterior Communicating Artery
Anterior Cerebral Artery
Posterior Cerebral Artery

Question 19

Enters the orbit w/ OPTIC NERVE and branches into CENTRAL ARTERY OF THE RETINA

Answer 19

Ophthalmic artery

occlusion –> monocular blindness

Question 20

Supplies the MOTOR cortex and SENSORY cortex for the LEG

Answer 20

Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA)

occlusion - contralateral paralysis and contralateral anesthesia of the leg

Question 21

Occlusion of this artery will cause contralateral hemiplegia, contralateral hemianesthesia, homonymous hemianopia and aphasia if the dominant hemisphere is involved

Answer 21

Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA)

Question 22

Branches of the Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA)

Answer 22

Lenticulostriate arteries

Outer cortical branches

Question 23

Connects the 2 anterior cerebral arteries

The MC site of aneurysm

Answer 23

Anterior Communicating Artery

ruptured aneurysm –> SAH and bitemporal lower quadrantonopia

Question 24

Connects the anterior circulation of the Circle of Willis with the posterior circulation of the Circle of Willis

2nd MC site aneurysm

Answer 24

Posterior Communicating Artery

ruptured aneurysm –> SAH and CN III paralysis

Question 25

Venous dural sinus that lies on the lateral side of the body of the sphenoid bone

Answer 25

Cavernous Sinus IMPORTANT RELATIONS: Internal Carotid Artery and Abducens nerve /CN VI CN III, IV, VI (Ophthalmic) and V2 (Maxillary) Pituitary gland Veins of the face Superior and Inferior Petrosal Sinuses

Question 26

FACIAL VEIN have connections with the CAVERNOUS SINUS via

Answer 26

Superior Ophthalmic Vein Inferior Ophthalmic Vein Pterygoid Plexus of Veins

Question 27

Dangerous area of the face

Answer 27

Apex opposite the medial angles of the eyes and nose and base formed by the upper lip Drained by the facial vein

Question 28

The cavernous communicate with the dangerous area of the face through 2 routes

Answer 28

Superior Ophthalmic Vein | Deep Facial Veins through Pterygoid Plexus