Heart

Question 1

Fibroserous sac that encloses the heart and the roots of the great vessels and occupies the middle mediastinum

Answer 1

PERICARDIUM

Question 2

3 layers of the pericardium

Answer 2

Visceral layer of SEROUS pericardium
Parietal layer of SEROUS pericardium
Fibrous pericardium

Question 3

Known as EPICARDIUM

Consists of layer of SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM (mesothelium)

Answer 3

Visceral layer of SEROUS pericardium

Question 4

Thick collagen layer with limited ability to distend acutely

Answer 4

Fibrous pericardium

Question 5

Descend through the mediastinum lateral to the fibrous pericardium and are in jeopardy during surgery to the heart

Answer 5

Phrenic nerve

Pericardiophrenic artery

Question 6

Innervation of the pericardium

Answer 6

Phrenic nerve (C3-C5)

referred to the skin (C3-C5 dermatomes) of the IPSILATERAL SUPRACLAVICULAR REGION

Question 7

Removal of fluid from pericardial cavity

Answer 7

PERICARDIOCENTENSIS

Sternal approach
Subxiphoid approach

Question 8

Surfaces of the Heart

Answer 8

Sternocostal (Anterior)
Diaphragmatic (Inferior)
Base (Posterior)

Question 9

Borders of the Heart

Answer 9

RIGHT - RA, SVC, IVC

LEFT - LV, aortic, pulmonary trunk

SUPERIOR - R/L auricles

INFERIOR - RV

Question 10

Supply oxygenated arterial blood to the heart

Answer 10

RCA and LCA

Question 11

Arises form the right aortic sinus (of Valsalva) of the ascending aorta and courses in the coronary sulcus

Answer 11

Right Coronary Artery (RCA)

Question 12

Branches of RCA

Answer 12

SA nodal
Right marginal
Posterior interventricular/Posterior descending
AV nodal

Question 13

The blood supply of the heart is considered ___________ if the posterior interventricular artery arises from the RCA

Answer 13

Right side dominant (MOST COMMON)

Question 14

Posterior interventricular artery is a branch of circumflex branch of the LCA

Answer 14

Left Dominance

Question 15

Both the R coronary and circumflex arteries contribute to the formation of the posterior interventricular artery

Answer 15

Codominance

Question 16

Supplies the right atrium

Answer 16

Right Coronary Artery

Question 17

Supplies the right and left ventricles

Answer 17

Anterior Descending/Left Anterior Descending (LAD) artery

Question 18

Supplies the left margin of the left ventricle

Answer 18

Circumflex - left marginal artery

Question 19

The LARGEST vein draining the heart and drains directly into the right atrium

Answer 19

Coronary Sinus

Question 20

A crescent shaped valve remnant at the opening of the coronary sinus

Answer 20

Thebesian valve

Question 21

Tributaries of Coronary Sinus

Answer 21

Great cardiac vein
Small cardiac vein
Middle cardiac vein
Oblique

Question 22

Accompanying artery of the GREAT CARDIAC VEIN

Answer 22

Anterior Interventricular Artery

Question 23

Accompanying artery of the MIDDLE CARDIAC VEIN

Answer 23

Posterior Interventricular Artery

Question 24

Accompanying artery of the SMALL CARDIAC VEIN

Answer 24

Right Marginal Artery

Question 25

MAIN PACEMAKER Right atrium near the SVC

Answer 25

Sinoatrial (SA) Node

Question 26

Interatrial septum superior to the opening of coronary sinus

Answer 26

AV node

Question 27

Membranous portion of IV septum

Answer 27

AV Bundle (of His)

Question 28

Muscular portion of IV septum

Answer 28

R and L bundle branches

Question 29

Subendocardial network of conducting fibers Large, pale with SPARSE MYOFIBRILS and GLYCOGEN

Answer 29

Purkinje fibers

Question 30

Proximal LAD -- large anterior wall

Answer 30

I, aVL, V1-V6

Question 31

More Distal LAD -- anteroapical Wraparound LAD -- inferior wall

Answer 31

anteroapical - V2-V4 | inferior wall - II, III, aVF

Question 32

Distal LAD -- anteroseptal

Answer 32

V1-V3

Question 33

Circumflex -- Posterolateral

Answer 33

V4-V6

Question 34

Space b/w the reflections of the serous pericardium which is posterior to the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk and anterior to the SVC

Answer 34

TRANSVERSE SINUS clamping these vessels can stop ventricular outflow

Question 35

Receives blood from SVC, IVC, coronary sinus, anterior cardiac, vena cords minimae

Answer 35

RIGHT ATRIUM sinus venarum - posterior musculi pectinati - anterior interatrial septum fossa ovalis

Question 36

Remnant of foramen ovale

Answer 36

FOSSA OVALIS persist -- ASD

Question 37

Conical muscular pouch in the RA

Answer 37

Right auricle

Question 38

Form the TRABECULATED PART of the RA (2-4 mm thick) Develop from primitive atrium

Answer 38

Pectinate muscles

Question 39

Smooth part of the RA Develops embryologically from the sinus venosus

Answer 39

SINUS VENOSUS

Question 40

Internal muscular ridge 3-6 mm thick Marks the junction b/w trabeculated part and smooth part of the RA

Answer 40

Crista terminalis

Question 41

External shallow groove Marks the junction b/w the trabeculated part and smooth part of the R atrium

Answer 41

Sulcus terminalis

Question 42

Oval depression on the interatrial portion consisting of the valve of the fossa ovalis (remnant of the septum primum)

Answer 42

Fossa ovalis

Question 43

Horseshoe-shaped muscular rim Remnant of the septum secundum

Answer 43

Limbus of the fossa ovalis

Question 44

Makes up the major portion of the anterior (sternocostal) surface of the heart

Answer 44

RIGHT VENTRICLE

Question 45

Anastomosing muscular ridges of myocardium in the ventricles Form the TRABECULATED part of the RV from the PRIMITIVE VENTRICLE

Answer 45

Trabeculae carneae

Question 46

Smooth part of the RV from the BULBUS CORDIS

Answer 46

Conus arteriosus (infundibulum)

Question 47

Cone shaped muscles enveloped by endocardium Contract to tighten chordae tendinae -- prevents cusps of tricuspid valve from being everted into atrium

Answer 47

Papillary muscles

Question 48

Extend from one papillary muscle to more than cusp of the tricuspid valve

Answer 48

Chordae tendinae

Question 49

Isolated band of trabeculae carneae that forms a bridge b/w IV septum

Answer 49

Septomarginal Trabecula (Moderator Band)

Question 50

Place of origin of the septal papillary muscle Mostly muscular but has a small MEMBRANOUS upper part -- common site of VSD

Answer 50

Interventricular septum

Question 51

Smaller but THICKER wall than RA MOST POSTERIOR of the 4 chambers

Answer 51

LEFT ATRIUM

Question 52

Lies at the back of the heart Apex directed downward, forward and toward the left

Answer 52

Left Ventricle