Upper and Lower Limb Bones Flashcards
Anatomical position (name) of medial forearm?
ulnar
Lateral forearm?
radial
Tibial part of leg?
medial
Fibular part of leg?
lateral
Back of hand?
dorsal
Front of hand?
palmar or volar
Upper foot?
dorsal
Bottom of foot?
plantar
Four segments of the upper extremity?
pectoral girdle (shoulder)
arm (humerus)
forearm (ulna, radius)
hand (8 carpals, 5 metacarpals, 14 phalanges)
The entire upper limb connects to the …. via the clavicle.
manubrium
The clavicle serves as the one and only … bone support for the upper limb to the body trunk.
rigid bone
Clavicle function
transmits shocks from upper limb to axial skeleton
What is the most frequently broken bone in the body?
clavicle
What is a broken clavicle often caused by?
FOOSH
Where does the clavicle break usually?
middle 1/3
Deformity caused by a broken clavicle?
medial fragment elevates due to the sternocleidomastoid; lateral fragment depresses
Complete displaced fracture may require..
plating
Shoulder blade overlies the … ribs on the posterior thoracic wall.
2-7
If you break the surgical neck of the humerus what nerve and arteries can be affected?
axillary nerve
circumflex humeral arteries
If you break the mid-humeral shaft what nerve can be affected?
radial nerve and deep arm vessels
If you break the medial epicondyle what nerve can be affected?
ulnar
Insertion of brachialis muscle and is a major elbow flexor?
tuberosity of ulna
Coronoid can be damaged during …
elbow dislocation
The distal ulnar bone does not form …
wrist joint
Head of the radius articulates with the … of the humerus.
capitulum and radial notch of the ulna
Radial tuberosity is the attachment site for
distal biceps muscle
Joint at the elbow is a …
hinge joint
Where does pronation and supination occur?
between the radial notch of the ulna and the head of the radius
Olecranon fractures require
pinning or plating
What is referred to as nursemaids elbow? And what is the ligament that it occurs at?
subluxation and dislocation of the radial head from the annular ligament
What is the most common fracture of the forearm?
colles fracture
What is colles fracture a fracture of?
complete transverse fracture within the distal 2 cm of teh radius
What happens in a colles fracture?
The styloid process of the radius and ulna change positions. The radial styloid process is moved proximally.
The most frequently fractured bone of the wrist?
scaphoid
What is the most common way to break the 5th metacarpal?
punching something
aka “Boxer’s fracture”
Injury to what arteries in the femur cutoff blood supply to the femoral head?
retinacular arteries
Most tibial fractures are caused by..
direct force to the middle/distal 1/3
Tibial fractures are what kind of fracture?
compound
Jones fractures are anything at the …
base of the 5th metatarsal
Jones fracture is typically caused by …
sudden inversion of the foot
The result of sudden inversion of the foot can cause …
tendon avulsion or direct pressure on proximal head of the bone
What is another cause of Jones fracture?
over use
…. injuries are much more common than pronation.
supination
When is an xray required for an ankle? Or what is the Ottawa ankle rule?
Tender on lateral malleolar tip or posterior aspect of lateral mallelous
Tenderness over the base of the 5th metatarsal
Tenderness on the medial or posterior aspect of the medial malleolus
Tenderness over the navicular bone
Two superficial veins of the lower limb
great and small saphenous
Varicose veins, thrombosis and thrombophlebitis happen to the … vein and it is due to ….
great saphenous vein and tributaries
fail of valves in perforating veins and/or lower limb loose fascia or muscle inactivity result in thrombosis.
