GI Tract Organs II Flashcards
Foregut organs
pharynx, esophagus, stomach, 1st and 2nd parts of duodenum
Midgut organs
3rd and 4th parts of duodenum, small intestine (jejunum and ileum), large intestine (cecum, ascending colon and 2/3 of transverse colon).
Hindgut organs
1/2 transverse colon, large intestine (descending and sigmoid), rectum and anal canal
Associated organs with the GI tract?
liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, kidneys, adrenal glands
The spleen is the largest …organ.
lymphatic
What does the spleen do?
Makes RBC in fetus and removes them in adults
Spleen blood vessels
splenic artery and vein
Where does the splenic artery come from?
celiac trunk/axis
Where does the splenic vein drain to?
hepatic portal vein
Most frequently injured organ in the abdomen?
spleen (rupture)
If there is a slight leakage of blood from the spleen where would the pain be?
epigastrium region and left flank
If there is a big bleed from the spleen and it made contact with the undersurface of the diaphragm, where would the pain be and what is it called?
sharp pain in the left shoulder known as Kehr’s sign
When does splenomegaly occur?
congestion due to portal hypertension, leukemia, mono
What is known as true referred pain from a splenic rupture?
left shoulder pain
Splenic vein thrombosis is called
left sided portal hypertension
Splenic vein thrombosis can cause ….from esophageal or gastric varices.
massive GI bleeding
Pancreas is an elongated… and …gland.
digestive and endocrine
Pancreas is composed of 4 parts…
head, neck, body, tail
Head of the pancreas is to the right of …and has a …process.
SMA
uncinate (hook shape) below and behind SMA
Neck of the pancreas is a short region that overlies…
SMA and SMV
The body of the pancreas is distal to the neck at which vertebral level?
L2
The tail of the pancreas touches the …
splenic hilum
The pancreas is ….
retroperitoneal
Which plane intersects the body of the pancreas?
transpyloric
The head of the pancreas attaches to the 2nd part of the … it is ….to common bile duct, gastroduodenal artery and IVC.
duodenum, anterior
Uncinate is …to SMA and SMV, …to renal artery and vein and ….the 3rd part of the duodenum.
posterior, anterior, above
The neck of the pancreas is …to SMA and SMV and portal vein.
anterior
The body of the pancreas is …to splenic artery and vein and left kidney and ….the omental bursa.
anterior, behind
The tail of the pancreas touches the …., is …. to left kidney and ….splenorenal ligament.
spleen, anterior, inside
The transverse mesocolon attaches…
anteriorly
What is it called where the common bile duct and pancreatic bile duct meet?
Ampulla of Vater
Three sphincters associated with the pancreatic duct?
sphincter of common bile duct, sphincter of pancreatic duct, sphincter of hepatopancreatic duct or sphincter of Oddi
Blood supply of the pancreas, arteries?
splenic, gastroduodenal, SMA
Blood supply of the pancreas, veins?
splenic, SMV
pancreatic lymphatics drain into
celiac or superior mesenteric lymph nodes
Pancreatic cancer pain reference?
epigastric pain or severe back pain
Pancreatic cancer symptoms small tumor…
jaundice and no pain
Pancreatic cancer symptoms large tumor…
jaundice and pain
For many patients with pancreatic cancer, which comes first? Jaundice or pain?
pain
Nerve innervation of pancreas?
great thoracic splanchnic nerves T5-T9
The … is the 2nd largest organ in the human body.
liver
The liver …. absorbed nutrients from the GI track via…
accepts, portal vein
The liver …glycogen
stores
The liver produces… continuously.
bile
Which quadrants does the liver lie?
Which regions in the abdomen wall does the liver lie?
With what number rib does the liver lie anteriorly?
With what number rib does the liver lie posteriorly?
right UQ and some LUQ;
right hypochondriac and epigastric regions
5th rib
9-12th ribs
Liver has a …area posteriorly.
bare
The liver is covered by visceral peritoneum and continues with parietal peritoneum and forms…
coronary ligament
Where is the subphrenic recess?
between the diaphragm and diaphragmacic surface of the liver.
The subphrenic recess communicates with the ….including the omental bursa and the greater sac.
peritoneal cavity
Fluid flows to …space in the subphrenic recess; then flows to ….
subhepatic; hepatorenal recess or the pouch of Morison
….splits the subphrenic recess into left and right.
Falciform ligament
When there is fluid in the pouch of Morison while lying on ones back, what is that attributed to?
trauma
There are two fissures in the liver:
right sagittal, left sagittal
The right sagittal fissure forms… to…
fossa of gallbladder to groove of IVC.
The left sagittal fissure forms…to…
ligamentum teres hepatis (round ligament of the liver) to ligamentum venosum
Portal hepatis have the following structures that enter or leave the liver
portal vein, hepatic artery, bile ducts
Portal triad contains … and they travel in…
portal vein, hepatic artery, common bile duct; hepatoduodenal ligament
Portal vein carries…blood and is rich in ….
deoxygenated; nutrients
Porta hepatis divides … and ….lobes in the liver.
quadrate, caudate
Quadrate lobe in the liver is …. and caudate lobe is…
inferior, superior
How many hepatic veins?
usually 3
Where do the hepatic veins drain?
IVC
What causes hepatomegaly?
accumulation of blood from congestive heart failure, hepatic vein and IVC lack of valves; inflammation from virus or bacterial infection; tumor.
Pain is where associated with hepatomegaly?
right hypochondriac region
When the liver is hepatomegaly, what can a clinician do?
can usually palpate below right costal margin
Bile ducts (5)…
right hepatic duct, common hepatic duct, cystic duct, common bile duct, left hepatic duct
Which ducts form to make the common hepatic duct?
right and left
The cystic duct comes in at …
right angles
What duct is distal to the cystic duct?
common bile
The cystic duct connects …
between the neck of the gallbladder and common hepatic duct
In the gall bladder there are …which keep it open and prevents sudden increase in ….
spiral folds, bile flow
