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Advanced Anatomy > Basal Ganglia and Diencephalon > Flashcards

Basal Ganglia and Diencephalon Flashcards

1
Q

Basal Ganglia is associated with (4)

A

voluntary motor control procedural learning related to habits, eye movements and cognitive, emotional functions

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2
Q

Four parts of the basal ganglia

A

caudate, putamen, globus pallidus, thalamus

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3
Q

Basal ganglia lies deep to…

A

insular cortex

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4
Q

Corpus striatum consists of the …

2

A

basal ganglia and internal capsule

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5
Q

The internal capsule are…

A

myelinated fibers

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6
Q

The internal capsule myelinated fibers are part of the … and …. tracts.

A

corticospinal, corticobulbar

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7
Q

The internal capsule separate the … and …. from the more lateral…. and …. nuclei.

A

caudate nucleus and thalamus from the more lateral globus pallidus and putamen nuclei

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8
Q

The caudate nucleus is bounded on one side by the lateral ventricle and is divided into a …. It also contains …..

A

head, body, tail

endorphins

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9
Q

The caudate nucleus is highly involved in .. and … particularly regarding ….processing.

A

learning and memory

feedback

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10
Q

Caudate nucleus has been thought to be involved in ..

A

OCD

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11
Q

Lenticular nuclei consists of…

A

putamen, globus pallidus nuclei

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12
Q

Putamen is connected to … (3)

A

caudate nucleus, substantia nigra, globus pallidus

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13
Q

Neurons in the putamen release…

A

dopamine

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14
Q

Parkinsonian’s putamen..

A

cause excessive inhibition of the thalamus

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15
Q

Main parts of the basal ganglia (5)

A

striatum, globus pallidus, substantia nigra, subthalamic nucleus, red nucleus

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16
Q

Internal capsule has what three parts?

A

anterior limb, genu (middle), posterior limb

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17
Q

Anterior portion of the posterior limb contains major… and … pathways.

A

ascending and descending

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18
Q

What are the descending tracts that run in the posterior limb of the internal capsule?

A

corticobulbar and coritcospinal

19
Q

What fibers run in the descending tracts of the posterior limb in the internal capsule?

A

Face, arm and leg

20
Q

The posterior third of the posterior limb of the internal capsule contains what fibers and from where?

A

third-order sensory fibers from the posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus

21
Q

Parkinsons is characterized by the death of dopaminergic neurons in the …

A

substantia nigra

22
Q

The function of the Basal ganglia seems to be to … other portions of the CNS to allow ….of voluntary movement.

A

disinhibit

initiation

23
Q

The normal function of the basal ganglia is …

A

inhibitory to prevent excess movements

24
Q

Defects in the function of basal ganglia are characterized by changes in ….

A

muscle tone, akinesia, bradykinesia, or dyskinesia

25
Q

Huntington’s is a loss of neurons in the … and .k..

A

caudate and putamen

26
Q

There is also a loss of … neurons in the striatum which results in chorea with Huntington’s disease.

A

GABA-ergic

27
Q

The cerebral cortex also becomes … in Huntington’s disease.

A

atrophic

28
Q

Hemiballismus results from damage to the …. nucleus.

A

contralateral subthalamic

29
Q

Diencephalon Components (4)

A

thalamus, hypothalamus, subthalamus and epithalamus

30
Q

Thalamus is responsible for … information to cortex, ….information to and from….and motor information to and from ….

A 
sensory
motor 
basal ganglia
motor
cerebellum
31
Q

Motor output travels past thalamus not … it.

A

through

32
Q

Functional divisions of the thalamus (5):

A

sensory, motor, arousal, multimodal, non-specific

33
Q

Sensory nuclei from the thalamus project fibers to the ….

A

sensory cortex

34
Q

Motor nuclei of the thalamus project fibers from the basal ganglia and cerebellum to the …

A

motor cortex

35
Q

Three portions of the hypothalamus

A

optic chiasm, infundibulum/pituitary, mammillary bodies

36
Q

neurohypophysis is

A

posterior pituitary gland

37
Q

How many pituitary hormones from anterior portion?

A

6

38
Q

How many pituitary hormones from posterior portion?

A

2

39
Q 
The
Great 
Anterior 
Pituitary 
Gland
A 
TSH
GH
ACTH (adrenocorticotropin hormone)
PRL (prolactin)
Gonads: FSH and LH
40
Q

Axons from both the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei travel to the … portion of the pituitary or the…

A

posterior

neurohypophysis

41
Q

What two hormones are secreted from neurohypophysis?

A

oxytocin, vasopressins (ADH, antidiuretic hormone)

42
Q

Dysfunction of the subthalamic nucleus produces…

A

hemiballismus

43
Q

Epithalamus includes…

A

habenula nuclei, pineal body

44
Q

Pineal body secretes ..

A

melatonin

Advanced Anatomy (38 decks)

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