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Advanced Anatomy > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

CN I

A

olfactory

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2
Q

CN II

A

optic

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3
Q

CN III

A

oculomotor

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4
Q

CN IV

A

trochlear

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5
Q

CN V

A

trigeminal

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6
Q

CN VI

A

abducens

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7
Q

CN VII

A

facial

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8
Q

CN VIII

A

vestibulocochlear

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9
Q

CN IX

A

glossopharyngeal

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10
Q

CN X

A

vagus

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11
Q

CN XI

A

spinal accessory

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12
Q

CN XII

A

hypoglossal

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13
Q

What two cranial nerves are extensions of the CNS?

A

olfactory

optic

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14
Q

Cranial nerves in midbrain

A

III
IV
part of V

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15
Q

Cranial nerves in pons

A

V, VI, VII, VIII

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16
Q

Cranial nerves in medulla

A

part of V
IX
X
XII

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17
Q

Parasympathetic ganglion from oculomotor nerve

A

Ciliary

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18
Q

Parasympathetic ganglion from facial nerve

A

pterygopalatine and submandibular

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19
Q

Parasympathetic ganglion from glossopharyngeal

A

otic

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20
Q

Parasympathetic ganglion from vagus nerve

A

pharynx, larynx

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21
Q

Sympathetic innervation of head and neck run along with …and cranial nerves from the ….ganglion.

A

arteries

superior cervical ganglion

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22
Q

Two exceptions that do not run with blood vessels

A

deep petrosal nerves

long ciliary nerves

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23
Q

Olfactory nerve function

A

sense of smell

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24
Q

Olfactory nerves run through the … of ethmoid bone to the ….

A

cribriform plate

olfactory bulb

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25
Q

Anosmia

A

loss of smell

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26
Q

How does anosmia happen?

A

skull fractures or sudden blows to the head that causes shearing cranial nerves at the cribriform plate causing loss of smell

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27
Q

Optic nerve function

A

sense of sight

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28
Q

Optic tract continues on to enter the diencephalon and terminates in the …

A

lateral geniculate body

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29
Q

Orbital tumor causes or lesion on right optic nerve

A

right sided blindness

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30
Q

Pituitary tumor causes or lesion on optic chiasm

A

bitemporal hemiansopsia or tunnel vision

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31
Q

Lesions on the right optic tract or an aneurysm

A

left homonymous hemianopsia or loss of left side field of vision on both eyes

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32
Q

Oculomotor originates from two midbrain nuclei

A

edinger-westphal nucleus (parasympathetics)

nucleus of oculomotor nerve (motor)

33
Q

Oculomotor nerve serves 5 skeletal muscles: four eye muscles and one upper eye lid muscle

A

eye muscles: superior, medial and inferior rectus and inferior oblique muscle
upper eye lid: levator palpebrae, superioris muscle

34
Q

Oculomotor nerve lies within the… and exits the mesencephalon is within the ….

A

oculomotor nuclear complex

middle cranial fossa

35
Q

The oculomotor nerve divides into two branches within the superior orbital fissure

A

superior and inferior division

36
Q

The superior division of the oculomotor nerve supplies two muscles

A

levator palpebrae superioris

superior rectus

37
Q

The inferior division of the oculomotor nerve supplies three muscles

A

medial, inferior rectus and inferior oblique

38
Q

The parasympathetic fibers part of CN III in Edinger-Westphall nucleus controls

A 
sphincter pupillae muscle (constricts pupil)
and ciliary (rounds lens for near vision)
39
Q

Oculomotor nerve lesions lead to

A

strabismus (eye rotating down and abducted due to unopposed action of lateral rectus and superior oblique muscles)
ptosis
loss of accommodation of lens

40
Q

Aneurysm within the .. can cause sudden CN III palsy

A

posterior cerebral
superior cerebellar
posterior communication artery

41
Q

Trochlear nerve is the only CN which

A

exits from the dorsal surface of the brain

42
Q

Trochlear nerve controls

A

superior oblique

43
Q

Trochlear nerve runs within the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus through the … to the superior oblique muscle of the eye.

A

superior orbital fissure

44
Q

LMN lesion of CN IV causes …

A

head tilt about 3-4 degrees

45
Q

Abducens nerve goes to ….of the eye.

A

lateral rectus muscle

46
Q

Cell bodies of abducens nerve lie within …

A

abducens nucleus

47
Q

Abducens nerve exits the brain stem at the …. and course through ….

A

junction of the pons and medulla

Dorello’s canal

48
Q

Lesions of abducens nerve

A

eye rotates inward because of paralysis of lateral rectus muscle

49
Q

Trigeminal nerve is the

A

largest

50
Q

Trigeminal nerve supplies

A

sensory from face, scalp, nose, paranasal sinus, eye, mouth and teeth and motor for muscles of mastication

51
Q

Branches of trigeminal nerve

A

ophthalmic (V1)
maxillary (V2)
mandibular (V3)

52
Q

Ophthalmic branch exits from
Maxillary branch exits from
Mandibular branch exits from

A

superior orbital fissure
foramen rotundum
foramen ovale

53
Q

Ophthalmic division branches

A

lacrimal
frontal
nasociliary
long ciliary

54
Q

Maxillary division branches

A

zygomatic
infraorbital
superior alveolar
pterygopalatine

55
Q

Mandibular division branches

A

buccal
auriculotemporal
lingual
inferior alveolar

56
Q

Mastication muscles (major)

A

temporalis and masseter

medial and lateral pteyrgoids

57
Q

Trigeminal neuralgia or Tic doloureux

A

severe, sudden pain in the regions covered by trigeminal nerve

58
Q

Facial nerve functions

A

moves facial muscles
lacrimal and nasal glands from superior salivatory nucleus
taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue and a little bit of eardrum

59
Q

The ….nucleus stimulates lacrimal and submandibular and sublingual salivary glands.

A

superior salvitory nucleus

60
Q

Facial nerve exits the posterior cavity by the

A

internal acoustic meatus

61
Q

The facial nerve has three major nuclei in the pons

A 
motor nucleus (facial muscles)
superior salivatory nucleus (glands)
Solitary nucleus (taste on anterior 2/3)
62
Q

Branches of facial nerve

A 
temporal 
zygomatic
buccal
mandibular
cervical 
posterior auricular
63
Q

CN VII has …exits from temporal bone.

A

3

64
Q

Vestibulocochlear nerve functions

A

hearing and balance

65
Q

Cochlear division nerve cell bodies lie within the …

A

spiral cochlear ganglion

66
Q

The vestibulocochlear nerve sends information to two nuclei on the pons

A

vestibular and cochlear

67
Q

Nerve cell bodies from the vestibular division lie in the … and receive information from hair cells within the …

A

vestibular ganglion
saccule
utricle
semicircular canals

68
Q

Glossopharyngeal nerve functions

A 
elevate pharynx
parotid gland secretions
senses arterial O2
touch, temp and pain  from posterior 1/3
taste from posterior 1/3
69
Q

Glossopharyngeal nerve exits out the

A

jugular foramen

70
Q

All parasympathetic control of salivary glands passes through the…..

A 
middle ear
chorda tympani (CN VIII and tympanic nerve CN IX)
71
Q

Vagus nerve functions

A

speaking and swallowing
visceral smooth muscle and glandular secretions in pharynx, larynx and GI
sensory from head, neck, lungs, heart and GI
touch, pain and temp from pharynx, larynx and eardrum
and a few tastebuds

72
Q

Vagus nerve exits

A

jugular foramen

73
Q

The branchial motor portion of the vagus nerve controls all muscles of

A

larynx
pharynx
palate

74
Q

The vagus nerve has 3 major medullary nuclei

A

nucleus ambiguus
posterior motor nucleus of vagus
solitary nucleus and spinal nucleus of trigeminal

75
Q

Lost vagus nerve on one side results in

A

droop of arch of soft palate and uvula

76
Q

Hypoglossal nerve function

A

tongue movements

77
Q

Hypoglossal nucleus exits as

A

the medulla as a number of rootlets

78
Q

Hypoglossal nerve exits

A

hypoglossal canal

79
Q

LMN of hypoglossal shows.

A

tongue deviation to same side as lesion when tongue is protruded

Advanced Anatomy (38 decks)

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