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Advanced Anatomy > Intro to the Neuron > Flashcards

Intro to the Neuron Flashcards

1
Q

Human nervous system divisions

A

CNS, PNS

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2
Q

CNS includes

A

Brain and spinal cords

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3
Q

PNS nerves includes

A

cranial, spinal

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4
Q

how many pairs of cranial nerves?

A

12

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5
Q

how many pairs of spinal nerves?

A

31

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6
Q

nucleus

A

nerve cells bodies in CNS

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7
Q

ganglion

A

nerve cell bodies in the PNS

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8
Q

divisions of PNS

A

somatic, autonomic

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9
Q

somatic function

A

innervates structures of body wall

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10
Q

autonomic functions

A

controls activities of smooth muscles, visceral glands, blood vessels and returns sensory information to the brain

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11
Q

divisions of ANS

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

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12
Q

3 parts of the brain

A

cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem

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13
Q

2 parts of cerebrum

A

telencephalon, diencephalon

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14
Q

telencephalon

A

cerebral cortex, subcortical white matter, commissures, basal ganglia

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15
Q

diencephalon

A

thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, subthalamus

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16
Q

2 parts of cerebellum

A

cerebellar cortex, cerebellar nuclei

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17
Q

3 pars of brain stem

A

midbrain, pons, medulla

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18
Q

2 parts of spinal cord

A

white matter, gray matter

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19
Q

white matter 3 parts

A

dorsal, lateral, anterior

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20
Q

somatic nervous system to

A

body surface and skeletal muscle

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21
Q

ANS to

A

internal organs and blood vessels, sweat glands and arrector pili muscles

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22
Q

afferent

A

sensory (incoming)

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23
Q

efferent

A

motor (outgoing)

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24
Q

somatic afferent

A

sensory input from body surfaces and skeletal muscles

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25
Q

somatic efferent

A

motor output to skeletal muscles

26
Q

visceral afferent

A

autonomic sensory input from internal organs and blood vessels

27
Q

visceral efferent

A

autonomic motor output to internal organs and glands

28
Q

somatic afferent is usually a sequence of …neurons while somatic efferent is a sequence of …neurons

29
Q

ANS use pairs of neurons

A

1st in CNS and 2nd in ganglion in PNS

30
Q

preganglionic fibers originate from….

A

1st neuron (nerve cell body in spinal cord or brain stem)

31
Q

postganglionic nerve fibers originate from …

A

2nd neuron

32
Q

sympathetic preganglionic fibers are … and postganglionic fibers are ..

A

short, long

33
Q

parasympathetic preganglionic fibers are … and postganglionic fibers are…

A

long, short

34
Q

another name for cell body

A

perikaryon

35
Q

axon does what

A

outputs signals

36
Q

white matter is ….with ..synapses

A

myelinated with no

37
Q

gray matter is …with…

A

unmyelinated with synapses

38
Q

nerve fiber type A size

A

greater than 3 microns

39
Q

nerve fiber type A are …and …

A

large and myelinated

40
Q

nerve fiber type A conduct what kind of information?

A

sensory and some motor function

41
Q

nerve fiber type B size

A

less than 3 microns

42
Q

nerve fiber type B are … and …

A

smaller and mylenated

43
Q

functions of nerve fiber type B

A

autonomic functions

44
Q

nerve fiber type C size

A

less than 1.3 microns

45
Q

nerve fiber type C are the … and …

A

smallest and unmyeinated

46
Q

nerve fiber type C conduct …

A

slow impulses, pain and autonomic functions

47
Q

CNS myelin cells

A

oligodendrocyte cells

48
Q

PNS myelin cells

A

schwann cells

49
Q

non neuron cells of CNS

A

glial cells

50
Q

2 types of glial cells

A

macroglia, microglia

51
Q

macroglia types

A

oligodendroctyes-form myelin sheath around axons in CNS/ astrocytes- cover surface of blood vessels, brain and spinal cord

52
Q

microglia types

A

immune surveillance of CNS

53
Q

axon transport: anterograde vs retrograde

A

anterograde: toward axon terminal
retrograde: toward cell body

54
Q

demyelinating conditions of the CNS

A

MS and leukodystrophies

55
Q

demyelinating conditions of PNS

A

guillain-BArre syndrom and Charcot Marie Tooth disease

56
Q

types of synapses

A

chemical and electrical

57
Q

Chemical synapse overview

A

action potential reaches axon terminal—>trigger calcium channels to open—>calcium influx—>presynaptic vesicles undergoing exocytosis—>neurotransmitters released in synaptic cleft —> binds to postsynaptic membrane receptors —> trigger response in postsynaptic neuron

58
Q

synaptic inhibitions

A

pre and post

59
Q

presynaptic inhibition

A

between two axons; decreases action potential or reduces opening of calcium channels

60
Q

postsynaptic inhibition

A

between axon and cell body or dendrite; releases inhibitory NT inhibits on postsynaptic membrane

Advanced Anatomy (38 decks)

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