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Advanced Anatomy > Shoulder and Axilla > Flashcards

Shoulder and Axilla Flashcards

1
Q

The extrinsic shoulder muscles are the ones that have attachments to the thoracic wall and are also called..

A

thoracoappendicular

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2
Q

The anterior group of extrinsic shoulder muscles are (4)

A

pec major, minor, subclavius and serratus anterior

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3
Q

The posterior group of extrinsic shoulder muscles are (4)

A

superficial trap and lat, deep levator scapulae and rhomboids

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4
Q

The 6 intrinsic shoulder muscles are called… and they attach only to shoulder bones.

A

scapulohumeral

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5
Q

The 6 intrinsic shoulder muscles are…

A

delt, teres major, and 4 rotator cuff muscles

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6
Q

Origin of the pec major? Insertion?

A

O: clavicular head, sternocostal head and costal head
I:lateral lip of intertubercular groove of humerus

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7
Q

The pec major forms most of the anterior wall of the …

A

axilla

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8
Q

The pec major’s inferior border forms the …

A

anterior axillary fold

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9
Q

The pec major also helps form the …

A

deltopectoral triangle

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10
Q

What vein runs through the deltopectoral triangle?

A

cephalic

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11
Q

What are the actions of the pec major?

A

adducts, medially rotates humerus

flexes and adducts the humerus

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12
Q

Origin of pec minor? Insertion?

A

O: coracoid process of scapula
I: ribs 3,4,5

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13
Q

What does the pec minor do?

A

fixes the scapula to the thoracic wall and stretches the arm forward and upward. It helps with inspiration

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14
Q

Serratus anterior forms…

A

medial wall of axilla

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15
Q

What does the serratus anterior do?

A

rotates the inferior angle of scapula as well as hold the medial scapula against the thoracic wall

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16
Q

Origin of the serratus anterior? Insertion?

A

O: ribs 2-9 external lateral surface
I: medial border of scapula

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17
Q

Serratus anterior is innervated by what nerve?

A

long thoracic

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18
Q

What causes paralysis of the serratus anterior?

A

injury to the long thoracic nerve

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19
Q

What appearance does paralysis of the serratus anterior give?

A

medial winged scapula

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20
Q

Trapezius is innervated by

A

CN XI spinal accessory nerve

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21
Q

Origin of trap? Insertion?

A

O: superior nuchal line
I: lateral clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula

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22
Q

What causes lateral winged scapula?

A

damage to the spinal accessory nerve

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23
Q

When is middle subscapular nerve damaged?

A

during radial breast dissections

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24
Q

What is another name for thoracodorsal nerve?

A

middle subscapular nerve

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25
Q

Origin of levator scapulae?

Insertion?

A

O: transverse process of C1-C4
I: medial border superior part of scapula

26
Q

Levator is innervated by?

A

dorsal scapular nerve

27
Q

Rhomboid muscles are innervated by…

A

dorsal scapular nerve

28
Q

The deltoid muscle cannot…

A

initiate the first 15 degrees of abduction

29
Q

What does the delt do?

A

stabilizes shoulder joint, flexes and extenses the shoulder. After the initial 15 degrees it abducts the shoulder.

30
Q

What nerve innervates the delt?

A

axillary nerve

31
Q

What type of muscle fiber growth region allows greater force generation?

A

pinnate

32
Q

Axillary nerve damage causes:

A

shoulder joint dislocation and humeral surgical neck fracture

33
Q

First 15 degrees of shoulder abduction is done by..

A

supraspinatus muscle

34
Q

How to test axillary nerve damage?

A

test deltoid function by abduction

35
Q

What does Teres major do?

A

medially rotates and adducts glenohumeral joint

36
Q

Origin of teres major? Insertion?

A

O: inferior angle of scapula
I: medial lip of intertubercular groove

37
Q

What exits out of the quadrangular space?

A

posterior circumflex of humeral artery and axillary nerve

38
Q

Rotator cuff muscles:

A 
SItS
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
teres minor
Subscapularis
39
Q

What does the supraspinatus do?

A

abduct the arm

40
Q

What does subscapularis, and teres minor do?

A

adducts the arm

41
Q

What does subscapularis and teres major do?

A

internally rotates the arm

42
Q

What does infraspinatus and teres minor do?

A

externally rotates the arm

43
Q

Infraspinatus and teres minor are what kind of rotators of the shoulder/humerus?

A

lateral

44
Q

How do you test the subscapularis muscle?

A

lift off or Gerbers test

45
Q

What other muscle is the Gerber’s lift off test used for?

A

rhomboid

46
Q

How do you test supraspinatus integrity?

A

Jobe’s test or “Empty Can Test”

47
Q

What is the most compromised muscle of the rotator cuff?

A

supraspinatus

48
Q

What muscle is responsible for the first 15 degrees of abduction in the shoulder?

A

supraspinatus

49
Q

6 axillary arteries

A 
superior thoracic
thoracoacromial
lateral thoracic
subscapular
anterior circumflex
posterior circumflex
50
Q

First part of the axillary artery has one branch

A

the superior thoracic

51
Q

Second part of the axillary artery has two branches

A

thoracoacromial

lateral thoracic

52
Q

Third part of the axillary artery has three branches

A

subscapular

anterior and posterior humeral circumflex

53
Q

The lateral thoracic artery is an important source of blood to …

A

lateral part of the mammary gland in women

54
Q

Lateral thoracic artery runs with … to serratus anterior muscle.

A

lateral

55
Q

Largest branch of axillary artery…. divides into … and….

A

subscapular
circumflex scapular
throacodorsal

56
Q

Circumflex artery supplies blood to ….

thoracodorsal supplies blood to…

A

subscapularis and teres major

serratus anterior and latissimus dorsi

57
Q

Two humeral arteries

A

anterior and posterior circumflex

58
Q

Where does compression of the axillary artery occur?

A

1st rib

59
Q

Axillary vein receives blood fro mthe …

A

thoracoepigastric vein

60
Q

Axillary lymph nodes

A 
apical group
central group
humeral group
pectoral group
subscapular group

Advanced Anatomy (38 decks)

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