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Back Flashcards

1
Q

How many Cervical vertebrae?

A

7

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2
Q

How many thoracic vertebrae?

A

12

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3
Q

how many lumbar vertebrae?

A

5

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4
Q

how many sacral vertebrae?

A

5 fused

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5
Q

how many coxygeal?

A

4 fused

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6
Q

Vertebral body is what direction from spinal cord?

A

anterior

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7
Q

vertebral body resembles what kind of bone?

A

short long

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8
Q

from the vertebral body, there are 2 of each of these…

A

pedicles and laminae

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9
Q

vertebrae also contain 4….2….1…

A

4 articular processes, 2 transverse processes, 1 spinous process

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10
Q

function of vertebral foramen

A

helps form the vertebral canal containing the spinal cord.

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11
Q

intervertebral foramen is formed by…

A

inferior and superior vertebral notches

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12
Q

intervertebral foramen contains…

A

dorsal root ganglion and spinal nerves

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13
Q

how many vertebral processes

A

7

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14
Q

how many lever-like processes?

A

3

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15
Q

how many spinous process?

A

1

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16
Q

how many transverse processes?

A

2

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17
Q

how many articular processes?

A

4

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18
Q

spinous process extends…..

A

posteriorly and inferiorly

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19
Q

spinous process is connected by…

A

interspinous ligaments, supraspinous ligament

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20
Q

transverse process originates from…

A

junction of the pedicles and laminae

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21
Q

transverse process serves as the site of…

A

muscle attachment

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22
Q

articular facets are at … angles

A

oblique

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23
Q

articular facets limit….

A

rotation and flexion of adjacent vertebral bodies. it adds stability to vertebral column

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24
Q

inferior articular process faces…

A

inferior and lateral

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25
Q

superior articular process faces..

A

superior and medial

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26
Q

pars interarticularis is…

A

the portion between the superior and inferior articular facet on each vertebra.

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27
Q

cervical vertebrae are unique in having…

A

foramen transversarium for vertebral artery in C1-C6

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28
Q

C7 foramen transversarium only contains…

A

accessory vertebral vein

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29
Q

C7 has an extra long ….

A

spinous process

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30
Q

cervical spinal processes of C2-C6 are generally…

A

bifid (split in two)

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31
Q

atlas

A

C1

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32
Q

axis

A

C2

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33
Q

C1 superior articular facets receives ….of the occipital bone of the skull

A

occipital condyles

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34
Q

atlas has no…or …..

A

body or spinous process

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35
Q

atlas does have a …and…

A

posterior arch and posterior tubercle

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36
Q

articular processes project superiorly and inferiorly in the lumbar vertebrae to…and limits…

A

limit rotation, flexion and extension

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37
Q

lumbar vertebrae has an additional process for muscle attachment called….(also presents on…inferior thoracic vertebrae)

A

mamillary process, 4

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38
Q

spinal flexion places more force on the …

A

vertebral bodies and discs

39
Q

spinal extension transfers more force on…

A

facet joints (sometimes called posterior column)

40
Q

facet joints are also known as

A

zygapophyseal joints

41
Q

facet joints limit movements between

A

adjacent vertebrae

42
Q

it is the change in direction of the facet joints that

A

limits mobility of the vertebrae in different regions of the body

43
Q

ala

A

lateral mass of the sacrum that articulate with the pelves

44
Q

sacral hiatus

A

opening on the posterior surface at the end of the sacral canal.

45
Q

sacral hiatus is marked on each side by

A

inferior sacral cornu

46
Q

the sacral hiatus is covered by the

A

posterior sacrococcygeal ligament

47
Q

discs are responsible for

A

1/4 of height of column

48
Q

intervertebral discs are…. or fibrocartilaginous articulation between hyaline cartilage on the end of the bodies of the vertebrae

A

symphysis

49
Q

intervertebral discs have 2 parts:

A

annulus fibrosus, nucleus pulposus

50
Q

annulus fibrosis

A

concentric layers of oblique fibers running around and between vertebral bodies

51
Q

nucleus pulposus

A

avascular gelatinous mass, derived from the notochord.

52
Q

intervertebral foramen allow spinal nerves to exit from the…

A

spinal cord

53
Q

dorsal root ganglia sits in the

A

intervertebral foramen

54
Q

anterior longitudinal ligament

A

strong, broad, fibrous band running anterior to the vertebral bodies and discs from base of skull to sacrum, limiting hyperextension.

55
Q

posterior longitudinal ligament

A

narrower in lower lumbar region, weaker than anterior longitudinal ligament, runs within the vertebral canal. helps stabilize the vertebral bodies

56
Q

posterior longitudinal ligament is …. to the vertebral body but ….to the spinal cord

A

posterior, anterior

57
Q

posterior longitudinal ligament becomes….at the base of the skull

A

tectorial membrane

58
Q

ligamentum flavum

A

elastic fibers extend from lamina to lamina and foramens posterior boundary of intervertebral foramen and posterior wall of spinal canal

59
Q

sacral hiatus is covered by the

A

posterior sacrococcygeal ligament

60
Q

which regions of the spine take on secondary curvature as we learn to walk?

A

cervical and lumbar

61
Q

spinal cord begins at the… and ends…

A

medulla L1 or L2

62
Q

spinal cord segments do not correspond to

A

vertebral segments

63
Q

spinal cord contains …pairs of spinal nerves made up of ventral motor roots and dorsal sensory roots

A

31

64
Q

7 cervical vertebrae but … cervical spinal levels

A

8

65
Q

C1 nerve exits above

A

atlas

66
Q

C2 nerve exits below

A

atlas

67
Q

C8 nerve exits below

A

C7

68
Q

for the thorax, lumbar and sacral regions the nerve exits below

A

the corresponding vertebra

69
Q

cervical enlargement accomodates

A

C4-T1 for brachial plexus

70
Q

lumbosacral enlargement accomodates but lies at

A

L1 to S3, T11 to L2

71
Q

meninges of the spinal cord consist of three parts:

A

dura mater, arachnoid mater and pia mater

72
Q

dura mater is a tough fibroeleastic connective tissue sheath, it is …. within the vertebral canal

A

free

73
Q

Dura mater is continuous with the cranial dura at the

A

foramen magnum

74
Q

dura mater ends at the

A

inferior border of S2 in most adults

75
Q

between the dura mater and the periosteum is the

A

extradural or epidural spaces

76
Q

inside the dura mater are the

A

arachnoid mater and the denticulate ligament

77
Q

denticulate ligament is a

A

ribbon like structure extending laterally from the midline from each side of the spinal cord to attach to inner surface.

78
Q

denticulate ligament stablizes

A

spinal cord within the dura mater

79
Q

arachnoid mater separates the

A

pia from dura, the subarachnoid space

80
Q

arachnoid layer is applied both directly to ….surface of dura (….layer) and sends… through the subarachnoid space to the pia (visceral layer)

A

inner, parietal, arachnoid trabeculae

81
Q

arachnoid mater on the inner dural surface is responsible for

A

containing cerebral spinal fluid

82
Q

pia mater

A

composed of two fused layers of connective tissue which encloses the network of blood vessels which supply the spinal cord

83
Q

denticulate ligament is formed of

A

pia mater

84
Q

spinal cord ends in the

A

conus medullaris at L2

85
Q

the dura mater and subarachnoid spaces end at

A

S2`

86
Q

from L2-S2 is called

A

lumbar cisterna

87
Q

lumbar cisterna contains

A

cauda equina, filum terminale, cerebral spinal fluid

88
Q

cauda equina

A

spinal nerves distal to conus medullaris

89
Q

filum terminale

A

strand of connective tissue from the end of the L2 ot inferiorly attach to the S2.

90
Q

largest spinal subarachnoid space

A

lumbar cistern

91
Q

lumbar cistern is …. to conus medullaris (L2) and prior to termination of dura mater at S2

A

caudal

92
Q

total volume of CSF

A

120-150 ml

93
Q

how much CSF is produced every day?

A

450-500 ml

94
Q

CSF has a normal pressure of ..

A

70-180 mm

Advanced Anatomy (38 decks)

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