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Brainstem Flashcards

1
Q

Brainstem is made up of …

A

midbrain, pons, medulla

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2
Q

In embryo what two structures end up making the brain stem?

A

mesencephalon (midbrain)

Rhombencephalon (hindbrain)

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3
Q

The brainstem lies between the … and the …

A

thalamus and the spinal cord

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4
Q

The brainstem develops from the …, … and …

A

mesencephalon
metecephalon
myelencephalon

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5
Q

Where is CSF produced?

A

choroid plexus

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6
Q

3 internal longitudinal divisions of the brainstem are…

A

tectum, tegmentum, basis

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7
Q

Tectum is the … It is responsible for…

A

dorsal part of the midbrain.

auditory and visual reflexes

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8
Q

Tegmentum is located between…

It is involved with…

A

ventricular system and basis.

homeostasis and pain

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9
Q

Basis is the … portion of the brain stem next to the pons and contains.

A

ventral internal

corticospinal tracts, pontine nuclei and pontocerebellar fibers

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10
Q

Medulla contains the …, …. and …. vasomotor centers and deals with autonomic involuntary functions such as breathing, HR and BP.

A

cardiac, respiratory and vomiting

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11
Q

ANS functions:

A

respiration, cardiac center, vasomotor (vomiting, coughing, sneezing and swallowing)

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12
Q

Ventral surface of the medulla is subdivided into…

A

pyramid and olive

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13
Q

Major ascending tracts to the brainstem

A

dorsal column (medial leminiscus) and spinothalamic tract

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14
Q

Major descending tracts in the brainstem

A

corticospinal tract

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15
Q

Lateral corticospinal (pyramidal) tract is …. and is responsible for…

A

descending

fine motor

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16
Q

Myelination of the corticospinal upper motor neurons is … at birth.

A

incomplete

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17
Q

Cardinal signs of upper motor neuron lesion are:

A

hypertonia (increased muscle tone), hyperreflexia (increased muscle reflexes), clonus (involuntary, rhythmic muscle contractions), Babinski sign (extension of big toe in response to blunt stimulation of the sole of the foot), muscle weakness.

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18
Q

Pons connects the … to both the medulla and cerebellum.

A

cerebrum

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19
Q

The pons houses CN (4)

A

5, 6, 7, 8

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20
Q

Medulla houses CN (4)

A

5, 9, 10, 12

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21
Q

Dorsal column tract or medial lemniscus is … and associated with…

A 
ascending
fine touch
vibration
proprioception
2-point discrimination from skin, joints and tendons
22
Q

The medial lemniscus (ribbon like structure) carries…

A

fine touch, proprioception cranially to thalamus

23
Q

Spinothalamic tract or anterior lateral spinothalamic is … and associated with …

A

ascending

sharp pain, temperature and crude touch

24
Q

The inferior olivary nucleus is mainly involved in ….

A

cerebellar motor learning and function

25
Q

The superior olivary nucleus is part of the …

A

auditory system, aiding the perception of sound

26
Q

Pineal gland produces … which is ….-derived.

A

melatonin

serotonin

27
Q

The dorsal aspect of the midbrain show four hillocks (bumps)…

A

two superior colliculi and two inferior colliculi

28
Q

Superior colliculi are for

A

sight

29
Q

Inferior colliculi are for

A

sound

30
Q

There are three pairs of cerebellar peduncles…

A

inferior, middle, superior

31
Q

Superior cerebellar peduncle carries the … tract to the cerebellar paleocortex which gives… information.

A

ventral spinocerebellar tract

movement and positional information

32
Q

Middle cerebellar peduncles is the … of the three and connect the …. to the pons.

A

largest

cerebellum

33
Q

Inferior cerebellar peduncle carries the … tracts to the cerebellar paleocortex from the … tract.

A

dorsal spinocerebellar tract

spinocerebellum tract

34
Q

Muscle spindles and GTOs are part of the … tract.

A

spinocerebellar

35
Q

Cerebellum is important in and is not part of the …

A

motor control

brain stem

36
Q

Damage or swelling of the cerebellum will damage the …

A

pons and medulla

37
Q

CN I

A

olfactory

38
Q

CN II

A

optic

39
Q

CN III

A

oculomotor

40
Q

CN IV

A

trochlear

41
Q

CN V

A

trigeminal

42
Q

CN VI

A

abducens

43
Q

CN VII

A

facial

44
Q

CN VIII

A

vestibulococlear

45
Q

CN IX

A

glossopharyngeal

46
Q

CN X

A

vagus

47
Q

CN XI

A

spinal accessory

48
Q

CN XII

A

hypoglossal

49
Q

Midbrain holds which CN (2)

A

III, IV

50
Q

Pons holds which CN (4)

A

V, VI, VII, VIII, little bit of X

51
Q

Medulla holds which CN (4)

A

IX, X, XI, XII

52
Q

Pons is responsible for ….

A

reflex control of respiratory system

advanced anatomy (38 decks)

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