Brainstem

Question 1

Brainstem is made up of …

Answer 1

midbrain, pons, medulla

Question 2

In embryo what two structures end up making the brain stem?

Answer 2

mesencephalon (midbrain)

Rhombencephalon (hindbrain)

Question 3

The brainstem lies between the … and the …

Answer 3

thalamus and the spinal cord

Question 4

The brainstem develops from the …, … and …

Answer 4

mesencephalon
metecephalon
myelencephalon

Question 5

Where is CSF produced?

Answer 5

choroid plexus

Question 6

3 internal longitudinal divisions of the brainstem are…

Answer 6

tectum, tegmentum, basis

Question 7

Tectum is the … It is responsible for…

Answer 7

dorsal part of the midbrain.

auditory and visual reflexes

Question 8

Tegmentum is located between…

It is involved with…

Answer 8

ventricular system and basis.

homeostasis and pain

Question 9

Basis is the … portion of the brain stem next to the pons and contains.

Answer 9

ventral internal

corticospinal tracts, pontine nuclei and pontocerebellar fibers

Question 10

Medulla contains the …, …. and …. vasomotor centers and deals with autonomic involuntary functions such as breathing, HR and BP.

Answer 10

cardiac, respiratory and vomiting

Question 11

ANS functions:

Answer 11

respiration, cardiac center, vasomotor (vomiting, coughing, sneezing and swallowing)

Question 12

Ventral surface of the medulla is subdivided into…

Answer 12

pyramid and olive

Question 13

Major ascending tracts to the brainstem

Answer 13

dorsal column (medial leminiscus) and spinothalamic tract

Question 14

Major descending tracts in the brainstem

Answer 14

corticospinal tract

Question 15

Lateral corticospinal (pyramidal) tract is …. and is responsible for…

Answer 15

descending

fine motor

Question 16

Myelination of the corticospinal upper motor neurons is … at birth.

Answer 16

incomplete

Question 17

Cardinal signs of upper motor neuron lesion are:

Answer 17

hypertonia (increased muscle tone), hyperreflexia (increased muscle reflexes), clonus (involuntary, rhythmic muscle contractions), Babinski sign (extension of big toe in response to blunt stimulation of the sole of the foot), muscle weakness.

Question 18

Pons connects the … to both the medulla and cerebellum.

Answer 18

cerebrum

Question 19

The pons houses CN (4)

Answer 19

5, 6, 7, 8

Question 20

Medulla houses CN (4)

Answer 20

5, 9, 10, 12

Question 21

Dorsal column tract or medial lemniscus is … and associated with…

Answer 21

ascending
fine touch
vibration
proprioception
2-point discrimination from skin, joints and tendons

Question 22

The medial lemniscus (ribbon like structure) carries…

Answer 22

fine touch, proprioception cranially to thalamus

Question 23

Spinothalamic tract or anterior lateral spinothalamic is … and associated with …

Answer 23

ascending

sharp pain, temperature and crude touch

Question 24

The inferior olivary nucleus is mainly involved in ….

Answer 24

cerebellar motor learning and function

Question 25

The superior olivary nucleus is part of the ...

Answer 25

auditory system, aiding the perception of sound

Question 26

Pineal gland produces ... which is ....-derived.

Answer 26

melatonin | serotonin

Question 27

The dorsal aspect of the midbrain show four hillocks (bumps)...

Answer 27

two superior colliculi and two inferior colliculi

Question 28

Superior colliculi are for

Answer 28

sight

Question 29

Inferior colliculi are for

Answer 29

sound

Question 30

There are three pairs of cerebellar peduncles...

Answer 30

inferior, middle, superior

Question 31

Superior cerebellar peduncle carries the ... tract to the cerebellar paleocortex which gives... information.

Answer 31

ventral spinocerebellar tract | movement and positional information

Question 32

Middle cerebellar peduncles is the ... of the three and connect the .... to the pons.

Answer 32

largest | cerebellum

Question 33

Inferior cerebellar peduncle carries the ... tracts to the cerebellar paleocortex from the ... tract.

Answer 33

dorsal spinocerebellar tract | spinocerebellum tract

Question 34

Muscle spindles and GTOs are part of the ... tract.

Answer 34

spinocerebellar

Question 35

Cerebellum is important in and is not part of the ...

Answer 35

motor control | brain stem

Question 36

Damage or swelling of the cerebellum will damage the ...

Answer 36

pons and medulla

Question 37

CN I

Answer 37

olfactory

Question 38

CN II

Answer 38

optic

Question 39

CN III

Answer 39

oculomotor

Question 40

CN IV

Answer 40

trochlear

Question 41

CN V

Answer 41

trigeminal

Question 42

CN VI

Answer 42

abducens

Question 43

CN VII

Answer 43

facial

Question 44

CN VIII

Answer 44

vestibulococlear

Question 45

CN IX

Answer 45

glossopharyngeal

Question 46

CN X

Answer 46

vagus

Question 47

CN XI

Answer 47

spinal accessory

Question 48

CN XII

Answer 48

hypoglossal

Question 49

Midbrain holds which CN (2)

Answer 49

III, IV

Question 50

Pons holds which CN (4)

Answer 50

V, VI, VII, VIII, little bit of X

Question 51

Medulla holds which CN (4)

Answer 51

IX, X, XI, XII

Question 52

Pons is responsible for ....

Answer 52

reflex control of respiratory system