Brainstem Flashcards
Brainstem is made up of …
midbrain, pons, medulla
In embryo what two structures end up making the brain stem?
mesencephalon (midbrain)
Rhombencephalon (hindbrain)
The brainstem lies between the … and the …
thalamus and the spinal cord
The brainstem develops from the …, … and …
mesencephalon
metecephalon
myelencephalon
Where is CSF produced?
choroid plexus
3 internal longitudinal divisions of the brainstem are…
tectum, tegmentum, basis
Tectum is the … It is responsible for…
dorsal part of the midbrain.
auditory and visual reflexes
Tegmentum is located between…
It is involved with…
ventricular system and basis.
homeostasis and pain
Basis is the … portion of the brain stem next to the pons and contains.
ventral internal
corticospinal tracts, pontine nuclei and pontocerebellar fibers
Medulla contains the …, …. and …. vasomotor centers and deals with autonomic involuntary functions such as breathing, HR and BP.
cardiac, respiratory and vomiting
ANS functions:
respiration, cardiac center, vasomotor (vomiting, coughing, sneezing and swallowing)
Ventral surface of the medulla is subdivided into…
pyramid and olive
Major ascending tracts to the brainstem
dorsal column (medial leminiscus) and spinothalamic tract
Major descending tracts in the brainstem
corticospinal tract
Lateral corticospinal (pyramidal) tract is …. and is responsible for…
descending
fine motor
Myelination of the corticospinal upper motor neurons is … at birth.
incomplete
Cardinal signs of upper motor neuron lesion are:
hypertonia (increased muscle tone), hyperreflexia (increased muscle reflexes), clonus (involuntary, rhythmic muscle contractions), Babinski sign (extension of big toe in response to blunt stimulation of the sole of the foot), muscle weakness.
Pons connects the … to both the medulla and cerebellum.
cerebrum
The pons houses CN (4)
5, 6, 7, 8
Medulla houses CN (4)
5, 9, 10, 12
Dorsal column tract or medial lemniscus is … and associated with…
ascending fine touch vibration proprioception 2-point discrimination from skin, joints and tendons
The medial lemniscus (ribbon like structure) carries…
fine touch, proprioception cranially to thalamus
Spinothalamic tract or anterior lateral spinothalamic is … and associated with …
ascending
sharp pain, temperature and crude touch
The inferior olivary nucleus is mainly involved in ….
cerebellar motor learning and function
The superior olivary nucleus is part of the …
auditory system, aiding the perception of sound
Pineal gland produces … which is ….-derived.
melatonin
serotonin
The dorsal aspect of the midbrain show four hillocks (bumps)…
two superior colliculi and two inferior colliculi
Superior colliculi are for
sight
Inferior colliculi are for
sound
There are three pairs of cerebellar peduncles…
inferior, middle, superior
Superior cerebellar peduncle carries the … tract to the cerebellar paleocortex which gives… information.
ventral spinocerebellar tract
movement and positional information
Middle cerebellar peduncles is the … of the three and connect the …. to the pons.
largest
cerebellum
Inferior cerebellar peduncle carries the … tracts to the cerebellar paleocortex from the … tract.
dorsal spinocerebellar tract
spinocerebellum tract
Muscle spindles and GTOs are part of the … tract.
spinocerebellar
Cerebellum is important in and is not part of the …
motor control
brain stem
Damage or swelling of the cerebellum will damage the …
pons and medulla
CN I
olfactory
CN II
optic
CN III
oculomotor
CN IV
trochlear
CN V
trigeminal
CN VI
abducens
CN VII
facial
CN VIII
vestibulococlear
CN IX
glossopharyngeal
CN X
vagus
CN XI
spinal accessory
CN XII
hypoglossal
Midbrain holds which CN (2)
III, IV
Pons holds which CN (4)
V, VI, VII, VIII, little bit of X
Medulla holds which CN (4)
IX, X, XI, XII
Pons is responsible for ….
reflex control of respiratory system
