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Advanced Anatomy > Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves > Flashcards

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

spinal cord begins…

A

medulla

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2
Q

pia mater continues as …

A

filum terminale internus

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3
Q

median sulcus at midline is ….

A

posterior/dorsal

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4
Q

where do the dorsal roots enter the spinal cord?

A

posterolateral sulcus

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5
Q

Where do the ventral roots exit the spinal cord?

A

anterolateral sulcus

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6
Q

dorsal and ventral roots fuse laterally to become that segment’s … which pass in/out between adjacent vertebrae.

A

spinal nerve

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7
Q

White matter has …nerve fibers.

A

myelinated

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8
Q

gray matter has …nerve fibers. It is the neuron ….

A

unmyelinated; cell bodies

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9
Q

white matter contains 3 columns…

A
  1. dorsal
  2. lateral
  3. ventral
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10
Q

gray matter has 2 main horns and 1 horn that is only present in certain areas.

A
  1. dorsal horn
  2. ventral horn
  3. lateral horns
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11
Q

Where are lateral horns not present?

A

cervical and L4/L5

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12
Q

lateral horns have …motor neurons at …-…. (sympathetic) and ….(parasympathetic).

A

autonomic, T1-L2 and S2,3,4

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13
Q

how many cervical nerves?

A

8

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14
Q

how many thoracic nerve segments?

A

13

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15
Q

how many lumbar nerve segments?

A

5

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16
Q

how many sacral nerve segments?

A

5

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17
Q

how many coccygeal segments?

A

1

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18
Q

how many pairs of spinal cord segments and spinal nerves?

A

31

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19
Q

cervical nerves run ….their vertebra and thoracic, lumbar, sacral nerves run ….their vertebra

A

above, under

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20
Q

dorsal roots contain ….fibers from primary sensory neurons.

A

afferent (sensory)

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21
Q

dorsal root ganglia contain … neuron cell body; which systems?

A

primary; somatic and autonomic

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22
Q

ventral roots contain mainly …fibers including…

A

efferent (motor); somatic and autonomic

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23
Q

dorsal primary ramus

A

toward back

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24
Q

ventral primary ramus

A

toward belly

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25
4 plexuses
cervical (C1-C4); Brachial (C5-T1); lumbar (L1-L4); sacral (L4-S4)
26
no ...dermatome.
C1
27
C5 dermatome
clavicle
28
T4 dermatome
nipple
29
T10 dermatome
umbilicus
30
L1 dermatome
inguinal ligament
31
What nerve give face/forehead sensation?
CN 5
32
cervical white matter is ....than gray.
greater
33
sacral white matter is ...than gray.
less
34
more gray matter as we go...
down the spine
35
ascending white matter pathways (7)
1. fasciculus gracilis 2. fasciculus cuneatus 3. posterior spinocerebellar 4. lateral spinothalamic 5. anterior spinocerebellar 6. spinotectal 7. anterior spinothalamic
36
descending white matter pathways (6)
1. lateral corticospinal 2. rubrospinal 3. anterior coricospinal 4. reticulospinal 5. vestibulospinal 6. tectospinal
37
DRG houses cell bodies of the ....order sensory neurons.
first
38
dorsal columns ascend and cross in the ....
lower medulla
39
anterolateral pathways cross midline ....
immediately at the segment where they enter the spinal cord
40
``` Dorsal Column Tract: 1st order sensory neuron..... enters spinal cord via .... ...for lower half of body and ...for upper half. 2nd order sensory neuron.... crosses over via .... 3rd order neuron dorsal column tract is for.... ```
dorsal root ganglia dorsal root fasciculus gracilis fasciculus cuneatus synapses at lower medulla on gracile and cuneate nuclei. lemniscal decussation synapses at somatosensory cerebral cortex sensation of touch, vibration, 2 point discrimination and propioception
41
Spinothalamic Tract: 1st order sensory neuron...enters spinal cord via...forms ... and ascends ....synapses on 2nd order neurons in....crosses midline at this segment to form... and ... the third order neuron synapses at ....cerebral cortex
receptor in periphery cell in DRG; dorsal root Lissauer's track ipsilaterally two segments dorsal horns anterior spinothalamic tract and lateral spinothalamic thalamus somatosensory
42
anterior spinothalamic tract is for...
light touch
43
lateral spinothalamic tract is for...
localized pain and temperature
44
if there is an injury at the medulla how does that effect the two pathways?
function of both pathways will be impaired contralateral to the lesion
45
if there is an injury below the medulla how does that effect the two pathways?
ipsilateral impairment for dorsal column: fine touch, vibration, 2point discrimination, conscious proprioception. contralateral impairment for spinothalamic: alerting and arousal system: light touch, localized pain and temperature
46
descending motor fibers: upper body motor neurons
lateral and anterior corticospinal
47
anterior corticospinal tract has .... number of fibers
small
48
lateral corticospinal tract has ...number of fibers
large
49
alpha motor neurons innervate
muscle fibers
50
gamma motor neurons innervate
muscle spindles
51
corticospinal tract controls...
voluntary, high skill and fractionated movement
52
corticospinal tract starts...comes down to...crosses at.... into...and synapses with in the...on...
``` cerebral cortex (upper motor neurons) medulla lower medulla to contralateral side lateral and anterior tracts ventral horn lower motor neurons ventral horn lower motor neurons ```
53
lateral corticospinal tract ...%cross the midline and on anterior ...% descent and do not cross at medulla
90 | 10
54
autonomic nervous system coordinates activity of....and...
sympathetic, parasympathetic and enteric (visceral) systems
55
sympathetic nervous systems comes out of which spinal segments?
T1-L2
56
parasympathetic nervous system come out of which cranial nerves and spinal segments?
CN 3, 7, 11, 10 | S2,3,4
57
lateral corticospinal tract's function
fine motor function
58
origin of lateral corticospinal tract
motor and premotor cortex
59
ending of lateral corticospinal tract
anterior horn cells (interneurons and lower motor neurons)
60
location in cord of lateral corticospinal tract
lateral column (crosses medulla at pyramidal decussion)
61
small central lesion ...
loss of pain and temperature sensation but maintained vibration and position sense
62
large central lesion...
same as small plus loss of lower motor function
63
complete hemisection..
brown-sequard syndrome
64
stretch reflex comes from
L3 (L2/L4)
65
golgi tendon organs and muscle spindles are both part of ...
spinocerebellar tract
66
muscle spindle stretch receptor within...
skeletal muscle
67
GTO pressure within
tendons
68
GTO has .... pathways to cerebellum are the ....tracts. they are involved in the cerebellar .....
ascending or afferent dorsal and ventral spinocerebellar tracts regulation of movement
69
lower motor neuron lesions includes
cranial nerves with motor functions
70
lower motor lesions can cause
flaccid paralysis, reduced muscle tone, muscle atrophy
71
upper motor neuron lesions causes
increased tone and weakness, hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, no muscle atrophy

Advanced Anatomy (38 decks)

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