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Advanced Anatomy > Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves > Flashcards

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

spinal cord begins…

A

medulla

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2
Q

pia mater continues as …

A

filum terminale internus

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3
Q

median sulcus at midline is ….

A

posterior/dorsal

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4
Q

where do the dorsal roots enter the spinal cord?

A

posterolateral sulcus

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5
Q

Where do the ventral roots exit the spinal cord?

A

anterolateral sulcus

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6
Q

dorsal and ventral roots fuse laterally to become that segment’s … which pass in/out between adjacent vertebrae.

A

spinal nerve

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7
Q

White matter has …nerve fibers.

A

myelinated

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8
Q

gray matter has …nerve fibers. It is the neuron ….

A

unmyelinated; cell bodies

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9
Q

white matter contains 3 columns…

A
  1. dorsal
  2. lateral
  3. ventral
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10
Q

gray matter has 2 main horns and 1 horn that is only present in certain areas.

A
  1. dorsal horn
  2. ventral horn
  3. lateral horns
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11
Q

Where are lateral horns not present?

A

cervical and L4/L5

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12
Q

lateral horns have …motor neurons at …-…. (sympathetic) and ….(parasympathetic).

A

autonomic, T1-L2 and S2,3,4

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13
Q

how many cervical nerves?

A

8

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14
Q

how many thoracic nerve segments?

A

13

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15
Q

how many lumbar nerve segments?

A

5

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16
Q

how many sacral nerve segments?

A

5

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17
Q

how many coccygeal segments?

A

1

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18
Q

how many pairs of spinal cord segments and spinal nerves?

A

31

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19
Q

cervical nerves run ….their vertebra and thoracic, lumbar, sacral nerves run ….their vertebra

A

above, under

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20
Q

dorsal roots contain ….fibers from primary sensory neurons.

A

afferent (sensory)

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21
Q

dorsal root ganglia contain … neuron cell body; which systems?

A

primary; somatic and autonomic

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22
Q

ventral roots contain mainly …fibers including…

A

efferent (motor); somatic and autonomic

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23
Q

dorsal primary ramus

A

toward back

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24
Q

ventral primary ramus

A

toward belly

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25
Q

4 plexuses

A

cervical (C1-C4); Brachial (C5-T1); lumbar (L1-L4); sacral (L4-S4)

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26
Q

no …dermatome.

A

C1

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27
Q

C5 dermatome

A

clavicle

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28
Q

T4 dermatome

A

nipple

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29
Q

T10 dermatome

A

umbilicus

30
Q

L1 dermatome

A

inguinal ligament

31
Q

What nerve give face/forehead sensation?

A

CN 5

32
Q

cervical white matter is ….than gray.

A

greater

33
Q

sacral white matter is …than gray.

A

less

34
Q

more gray matter as we go…

A

down the spine

35
Q

ascending white matter pathways (7)

A
  1. fasciculus gracilis
  2. fasciculus cuneatus
  3. posterior spinocerebellar
  4. lateral spinothalamic
  5. anterior spinocerebellar
  6. spinotectal
  7. anterior spinothalamic
36
Q

descending white matter pathways (6)

A
  1. lateral corticospinal
  2. rubrospinal
  3. anterior coricospinal
  4. reticulospinal
  5. vestibulospinal
  6. tectospinal
37
Q

DRG houses cell bodies of the ….order sensory neurons.

A

first

38
Q

dorsal columns ascend and cross in the ….

A

lower medulla

39
Q

anterolateral pathways cross midline ….

A

immediately at the segment where they enter the spinal cord

40
Q 
Dorsal Column Tract:
1st order sensory neuron.....
enters spinal cord via ....
...for lower half of body and ...for upper half.
2nd order sensory neuron....
crosses over via ....
3rd order neuron
dorsal column tract is for....
A

dorsal root ganglia
dorsal root
fasciculus gracilis
fasciculus cuneatus
synapses at lower medulla on gracile and cuneate nuclei.
lemniscal decussation
synapses at somatosensory cerebral cortex
sensation of touch, vibration, 2 point discrimination and propioception

41
Q

Spinothalamic Tract:
1st order sensory neuron…enters spinal cord via…forms … and ascends ….synapses on 2nd order neurons in….crosses midline at this segment to form… and …
the third order neuron synapses at
….cerebral cortex

A

receptor in periphery cell in DRG; dorsal root
Lissauer’s track
ipsilaterally two segments
dorsal horns
anterior spinothalamic tract and lateral spinothalamic
thalamus
somatosensory

42
Q

anterior spinothalamic tract is for…

A

light touch

43
Q

lateral spinothalamic tract is for…

A

localized pain and temperature

44
Q

if there is an injury at the medulla how does that effect the two pathways?

A

function of both pathways will be impaired contralateral to the lesion

45
Q

if there is an injury below the medulla how does that effect the two pathways?

A

ipsilateral impairment for dorsal column: fine touch, vibration, 2point discrimination, conscious proprioception.
contralateral impairment for spinothalamic: alerting and arousal system: light touch, localized pain and temperature

46
Q

descending motor fibers: upper body motor neurons

A

lateral and anterior corticospinal

47
Q

anterior corticospinal tract has …. number of fibers

A

small

48
Q

lateral corticospinal tract has …number of fibers

A

large

49
Q

alpha motor neurons innervate

A

muscle fibers

50
Q

gamma motor neurons innervate

A

muscle spindles

51
Q

corticospinal tract controls…

A

voluntary, high skill and fractionated movement

52
Q

corticospinal tract starts…comes down to…crosses at…. into…and synapses with in the…on…

A 
cerebral cortex (upper motor neurons)
medulla
lower medulla to contralateral side
lateral and anterior tracts
ventral horn
lower motor neurons
ventral horn
lower motor neurons
53
Q

lateral corticospinal tract …%cross the midline and on anterior …% descent and do not cross at medulla

A

90

10

54
Q

autonomic nervous system coordinates activity of….and…

A

sympathetic, parasympathetic and enteric (visceral) systems

55
Q

sympathetic nervous systems comes out of which spinal segments?

A

T1-L2

56
Q

parasympathetic nervous system come out of which cranial nerves and spinal segments?

A

CN 3, 7, 11, 10

S2,3,4

57
Q

lateral corticospinal tract’s function

A

fine motor function

58
Q

origin of lateral corticospinal tract

A

motor and premotor cortex

59
Q

ending of lateral corticospinal tract

A

anterior horn cells (interneurons and lower motor neurons)

60
Q

location in cord of lateral corticospinal tract

A

lateral column (crosses medulla at pyramidal decussion)

61
Q

small central lesion …

A

loss of pain and temperature sensation but maintained vibration and position sense

62
Q

large central lesion…

A

same as small plus loss of lower motor function

63
Q

complete hemisection..

A

brown-sequard syndrome

64
Q

stretch reflex comes from

A

L3 (L2/L4)

65
Q

golgi tendon organs and muscle spindles are both part of …

A

spinocerebellar tract

66
Q

muscle spindle stretch receptor within…

A

skeletal muscle

67
Q

GTO pressure within

A

tendons

68
Q

GTO has …. pathways to cerebellum are the ….tracts. they are involved in the cerebellar …..

A

ascending or afferent
dorsal and ventral spinocerebellar tracts
regulation of movement

69
Q

lower motor neuron lesions includes

A

cranial nerves with motor functions

70
Q

lower motor lesions can cause

A

flaccid paralysis, reduced muscle tone, muscle atrophy

71
Q

upper motor neuron lesions causes

A

increased tone and weakness, hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, no muscle atrophy

Advanced Anatomy (38 decks)

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