Thoracic Wall and Lung Cavities Flashcards
Infrasternal angle is also called the…
subcostal angle
True ribs are #’s…
1-7
False ribs are #’s…
8-10
Floating ribs are #’s…
11-12
Second rib attaches to the sternum at the ….
sternal angle or angle of lewis
Typical Ribs are #’s…
3-9
typical ribs have what 4 parts?
head, tubercle, shaft or body, and angle of rib
head of rib articulates with
body of vertebra
tubercle of rib articulates with
transverse process of corresponding vertebra
shaft or body has a groove on its ….surface that houses the passage of ….
inferior surface, intercostal vein, artery and nerve
angle of rib is also called
costal angle
angle of rib is just lateral to the typical site of insertion of ….muscle. and is frequent site of rib…
iliocostalis; fracture
where does the anterior scalene muscle insert?
1st rib
on either side of the anterior scalene muscle are grooves on the rib for subclavian vein and artery, which one is anterior and which is posterior?
vein anterior, artery posterior
Where does the posterior scalene muscle attach?
second rib
ribs 8, 9 and 10 have costal extensions that attach to the costal cartilage of the rib which creates the ….of the thoracic cage.
costal margin
function of free ribs
protect kidney
percentage of population that have a 13th rib
0.5-1%
What does the 13th rib cause?
thoracic outlet syndrome
neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome causes… by compressing … and …nerve roots.
ulnar nerve parasthesia; C8 and T1
what percentage of patients with a cervical rib have neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrom? What is this called?
10%; ulnar neuropathy or Klumpke’s palsy
manubrium is the attachment of which ribs?
1 and 2
body is the attachment of which ribs?
2-7
xiphoid process lies where?
T10 level
what is the sternal anomaly where the chest is sunken in? and what is associated with it?
pectus excavatum; mitral valve prolapse
What is the sternal anomaly where the chest is projecting?
pectus carinatum
What is associated with increased incidents of heart defects?
premature sternal fusion
what sternal anomaly has holes in the sternum?
sternal fistula
Costovertebral joint is what kind of joint?
synovial
Where is the costovertebral joint?
between the head of rib and body of vertebra
Costotransverse joint is between…
rib tubercle and transverse process of vertebra
Sternocostal joint is where?
cartilaginous joint between 1st rib and manubrium
sternocostal joint is…
synovial and between 2-7 and sternum
costochondrial joint is…
union of rib with hyaline cartilage of same rib
costochondrial joint is aka
synchondrosis joint
Tietze syndrome
rare and sudden swelling of junction of ribs with sternum
External intercostal muscles function
raise ribs during inspiration
internal intercostal muscles: interchondral portions function
anteriorly raise ribs
internal intercostal muscles; lateral fibers function
depress ribs
innermost intercostal muscles function
depress ribs during heavy exercise
external, internal and innermost intercostal muscles all help…
keep intercostal space from bulging or collapsing during respiration
intercostal arteries and veins run between
innermost and internal costal muscles
Transverse thoracic muscles originate on inner surface of …. and insert onto …. of ribs 2-6.
sternum, inner anterior surface
transverse thoracic muscles function
depress ribs during heavy expiration
subcostal muscles are attached to…
inner surface of lower ribs on posterior portion of thoracic wall
subcostal muscles function
depress ribs
serratus posterior superior originates from… and …of C7-T3. It inserts on … border of 3-6 ribs. Function
nuchal ligament and spinous process; superior, posterior; raise ribs during inspiration
Serratus posterior inferior originates from …of T11-L2, inserts on …of 8-12 ribs and function is…
spinous process; inferior, posterior border, depresses the ribs during expiration
levator costarum is a ….muscles that originates from ….of C7-T11, inserts on to …edge of rib just inferior and its function is…
small, short; transverse process; upper, posterior; elevate the ribs during inspiration
anterior scalene muscle originates from transverse process of ….., inserts on the scalene tubercle of the ….
C3-C6; 1st rib
middle scalene originates from the transverse process of …, inserts on ….posterior to the subclavian artery groove.
C2-C7; 1st rib
posterior scalene muscles originate from the transverse process of …, inserts on the upper surface of the …
C5-C7; 2nd rib
function of all scalene muscles:
elevators of the ribs during heavy inspiration or laterally bending the neck and head to one side.
pec major originates from…inserts onto…and functions are
costal margin, sternum and medial clavicle; lateral lip of the biccipital groove of the humerus; flex, adduct and medially rotate the arm
pec minor originates from ….inserts onto and the functions are…
outer surface of ribs 3-5; coracoid process of scapula; pull scapula down and anteriorly (elevates the ribs if scapula is fixed)
serratus anterior muscles originate from…insert….and functions are…
upper, outer surface of ribs 1-8; medial angle of vertebral border and inferior angle of scapula; pull scapula forward (prevents winged scapula)
Intercostal nerves are the ventral rami of …
T1-T11
intercostal nerves give off …..branches to the skin anterior to the angle of the ribs and …..branch near the sternum
lateral cutaneous; anterior cutaneous
subcostal nerve is …. under the 12 rib and onto the abdominal wall.
T12
VAN is the typical order of structures…the groove of each rib. What does it stand for?
under; vein, artery, nerve
Each intercostal artery receives blood from both the ….aorta and the ….artery.
thoracic aorta and the internal thoracic or internal mammary artery
Two other blood vessels that serve thoracic cage
subclavian artery, supreme intercostal arteries, axillary artery
dermatomes: C5=, T4=, T7=
clavicle, nipple, xiphoid process
each breast has ….lobes
15-20
the breast is attached to the skin by skin ligaments or ….ligaments
suspensory ligaments
There is a small collection of loose areolar connective tissue behind the breast creating …or bursa.
retromammary space
blood supply to the breast includes the following arteries…
internal thoracic or mammary artery, anterior and posterior intercostal arteries, lateral thoracic branch of axillary artery.
About. ..% of breast is drained by ….nodes. Medial quadrants drain into …nodes.
75%, axillary lymph; parasternal
polythelia, polymastia is…
extra nipple or breast
Where do extra nipples or breasts usually occur?
anywhere along the embryonic mammary ridge (armpit to groin)
polythelia is…
many nipples that look like moles
how many males have polythelia; females?
1 in 20; 1 in 50
presence of extra nipples is associated with increase incidences of renal anomalies including …
duplication of ureters
gynecomastia
man boobs
diaphragm functions as the principal muscle of …
inspiration
right dome of diaphragm reaches as high as …intercostal space; left dome reaches as high as .. intercostal space
4th, 5th
liver of the right side pushes diaphragm…from…. and heart on left side prevents further…of diaphragm into thorax.
up, below; rise
diaphragm innervated by…
phrenic nerve-C3,4,5
phrenic is another name for…
diaphragm
3 major openings into diaphragm
inferior vena cava, esophagus, aorta
inferior vena canva comes in where?
T8
esophageal hiatus comes in where?
T10
Aortic hiatus comes in where?
T12
blood supply to diaphragm comes from…
pericardiophrenic artery
bochdaleck hernia is …and occurs on ….side
back; left
morgagni hernia is a … in the front of diaphragm near ….process.
hole; xiphoid
Medial pectoral nerve innervates both the ….and ….
pec minor and major
lateral pectoral nerve innervates …
pec major
lateral and medial pectoral nerves area names for their relation to the …
brachial plexus
