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Advanced Anatomy > Thoracic Wall and Lung Cavities > Flashcards

Thoracic Wall and Lung Cavities Flashcards

1
Q

Infrasternal angle is also called the…

A

subcostal angle

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2
Q

True ribs are #’s…

A

1-7

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3
Q

False ribs are #’s…

A

8-10

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4
Q

Floating ribs are #’s…

A

11-12

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5
Q

Second rib attaches to the sternum at the ….

A

sternal angle or angle of lewis

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6
Q

Typical Ribs are #’s…

A

3-9

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7
Q

typical ribs have what 4 parts?

A

head, tubercle, shaft or body, and angle of rib

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8
Q

head of rib articulates with

A

body of vertebra

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9
Q

tubercle of rib articulates with

A

transverse process of corresponding vertebra

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10
Q

shaft or body has a groove on its ….surface that houses the passage of ….

A

inferior surface, intercostal vein, artery and nerve

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11
Q

angle of rib is also called

A

costal angle

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12
Q

angle of rib is just lateral to the typical site of insertion of ….muscle. and is frequent site of rib…

A

iliocostalis; fracture

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13
Q

where does the anterior scalene muscle insert?

A

1st rib

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14
Q

on either side of the anterior scalene muscle are grooves on the rib for subclavian vein and artery, which one is anterior and which is posterior?

A

vein anterior, artery posterior

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15
Q

Where does the posterior scalene muscle attach?

A

second rib

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16
Q

ribs 8, 9 and 10 have costal extensions that attach to the costal cartilage of the rib which creates the ….of the thoracic cage.

A

costal margin

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17
Q

function of free ribs

A

protect kidney

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18
Q

percentage of population that have a 13th rib

A

0.5-1%

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19
Q

What does the 13th rib cause?

A

thoracic outlet syndrome

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20
Q

neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome causes… by compressing … and …nerve roots.

A

ulnar nerve parasthesia; C8 and T1

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21
Q

what percentage of patients with a cervical rib have neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrom? What is this called?

A

10%; ulnar neuropathy or Klumpke’s palsy

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22
Q

manubrium is the attachment of which ribs?

A

1 and 2

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23
Q

body is the attachment of which ribs?

A

2-7

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24
Q

xiphoid process lies where?

A

T10 level

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25
Q

what is the sternal anomaly where the chest is sunken in? and what is associated with it?

A

pectus excavatum; mitral valve prolapse

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26
Q

What is the sternal anomaly where the chest is projecting?

A

pectus carinatum

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27
Q

What is associated with increased incidents of heart defects?

A

premature sternal fusion

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28
Q

what sternal anomaly has holes in the sternum?

A

sternal fistula

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29
Q

Costovertebral joint is what kind of joint?

A

synovial

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30
Q

Where is the costovertebral joint?

A

between the head of rib and body of vertebra

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31
Q

Costotransverse joint is between…

A

rib tubercle and transverse process of vertebra

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32
Q

Sternocostal joint is where?

A

cartilaginous joint between 1st rib and manubrium

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33
Q

sternocostal joint is…

A

synovial and between 2-7 and sternum

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34
Q

costochondrial joint is…

A

union of rib with hyaline cartilage of same rib

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35
Q

costochondrial joint is aka

A

synchondrosis joint

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36
Q

Tietze syndrome

A

rare and sudden swelling of junction of ribs with sternum

37
Q

External intercostal muscles function

A

raise ribs during inspiration

38
Q

internal intercostal muscles: interchondral portions function

A

anteriorly raise ribs

39
Q

internal intercostal muscles; lateral fibers function

A

depress ribs

40
Q

innermost intercostal muscles function

A

depress ribs during heavy exercise

41
Q

external, internal and innermost intercostal muscles all help…

A

keep intercostal space from bulging or collapsing during respiration

42
Q

intercostal arteries and veins run between

A

innermost and internal costal muscles

43
Q

Transverse thoracic muscles originate on inner surface of …. and insert onto …. of ribs 2-6.

A

sternum, inner anterior surface

44
Q

transverse thoracic muscles function

A

depress ribs during heavy expiration

45
Q

subcostal muscles are attached to…

A

inner surface of lower ribs on posterior portion of thoracic wall

46
Q

subcostal muscles function

A

depress ribs

47
Q

serratus posterior superior originates from… and …of C7-T3. It inserts on … border of 3-6 ribs. Function

A

nuchal ligament and spinous process; superior, posterior; raise ribs during inspiration

48
Q

Serratus posterior inferior originates from …of T11-L2, inserts on …of 8-12 ribs and function is…

A

spinous process; inferior, posterior border, depresses the ribs during expiration

49
Q

levator costarum is a ….muscles that originates from ….of C7-T11, inserts on to …edge of rib just inferior and its function is…

A

small, short; transverse process; upper, posterior; elevate the ribs during inspiration

50
Q

anterior scalene muscle originates from transverse process of ….., inserts on the scalene tubercle of the ….

A

C3-C6; 1st rib

51
Q

middle scalene originates from the transverse process of …, inserts on ….posterior to the subclavian artery groove.

A

C2-C7; 1st rib

52
Q

posterior scalene muscles originate from the transverse process of …, inserts on the upper surface of the …

A

C5-C7; 2nd rib

53
Q

function of all scalene muscles:

A

elevators of the ribs during heavy inspiration or laterally bending the neck and head to one side.

54
Q

pec major originates from…inserts onto…and functions are

A

costal margin, sternum and medial clavicle; lateral lip of the biccipital groove of the humerus; flex, adduct and medially rotate the arm

55
Q

pec minor originates from ….inserts onto and the functions are…

A

outer surface of ribs 3-5; coracoid process of scapula; pull scapula down and anteriorly (elevates the ribs if scapula is fixed)

56
Q

serratus anterior muscles originate from…insert….and functions are…

A

upper, outer surface of ribs 1-8; medial angle of vertebral border and inferior angle of scapula; pull scapula forward (prevents winged scapula)

57
Q

Intercostal nerves are the ventral rami of …

A

T1-T11

58
Q

intercostal nerves give off …..branches to the skin anterior to the angle of the ribs and …..branch near the sternum

A

lateral cutaneous; anterior cutaneous

59
Q

subcostal nerve is …. under the 12 rib and onto the abdominal wall.

A

T12

60
Q

VAN is the typical order of structures…the groove of each rib. What does it stand for?

A

under; vein, artery, nerve

61
Q

Each intercostal artery receives blood from both the ….aorta and the ….artery.

A

thoracic aorta and the internal thoracic or internal mammary artery

62
Q

Two other blood vessels that serve thoracic cage

A

subclavian artery, supreme intercostal arteries, axillary artery

63
Q

dermatomes: C5=, T4=, T7=

A

clavicle, nipple, xiphoid process

64
Q

each breast has ….lobes

A

15-20

65
Q

the breast is attached to the skin by skin ligaments or ….ligaments

A

suspensory ligaments

66
Q

There is a small collection of loose areolar connective tissue behind the breast creating …or bursa.

A

retromammary space

67
Q

blood supply to the breast includes the following arteries…

A

internal thoracic or mammary artery, anterior and posterior intercostal arteries, lateral thoracic branch of axillary artery.

68
Q

About. ..% of breast is drained by ….nodes. Medial quadrants drain into …nodes.

A

75%, axillary lymph; parasternal

69
Q

polythelia, polymastia is…

A

extra nipple or breast

70
Q

Where do extra nipples or breasts usually occur?

A

anywhere along the embryonic mammary ridge (armpit to groin)

71
Q

polythelia is…

A

many nipples that look like moles

72
Q

how many males have polythelia; females?

A

1 in 20; 1 in 50

73
Q

presence of extra nipples is associated with increase incidences of renal anomalies including …

A

duplication of ureters

74
Q

gynecomastia

A

man boobs

75
Q

diaphragm functions as the principal muscle of …

A

inspiration

76
Q

right dome of diaphragm reaches as high as …intercostal space; left dome reaches as high as .. intercostal space

A

4th, 5th

77
Q

liver of the right side pushes diaphragm…from…. and heart on left side prevents further…of diaphragm into thorax.

A

up, below; rise

78
Q

diaphragm innervated by…

A

phrenic nerve-C3,4,5

79
Q

phrenic is another name for…

A

diaphragm

80
Q

3 major openings into diaphragm

A

inferior vena cava, esophagus, aorta

81
Q

inferior vena canva comes in where?

A

T8

82
Q

esophageal hiatus comes in where?

A

T10

83
Q

Aortic hiatus comes in where?

A

T12

84
Q

blood supply to diaphragm comes from…

A

pericardiophrenic artery

85
Q

bochdaleck hernia is …and occurs on ….side

A

back; left

86
Q

morgagni hernia is a … in the front of diaphragm near ….process.

A

hole; xiphoid

87
Q

Medial pectoral nerve innervates both the ….and ….

A

pec minor and major

88
Q

lateral pectoral nerve innervates …

A

pec major

89
Q

lateral and medial pectoral nerves area names for their relation to the …

A

brachial plexus

Advanced Anatomy (38 decks)

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