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Advanced Anatomy > Back Continued > Flashcards

Back Continued Flashcards

1
Q

Injury to C1-C3 neurologic defect

A

no respiratory function, usually fatal unless immediate emergency help is available to establish respiration; quadriplegia

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2
Q

Injury to C4 neurologic defect

A

loss of diaphragm movement; breath with assistance; quadriplegia

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3
Q

Injury to C5 neurologic defect

A

partial shoulder movement; partial elbow movement

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4
Q

Injury to

C6 neurologic defect

A

retains gross motor function of arms; partial shoulder, elbow and wrist movement possible; paraplegia

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5
Q

Injury to C7 neurologic defect

A

shoulder, elbow, wrist, hand partial movement possible; paraplegia

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6
Q

Injury to C8 neurologic defect

A

normal arm movement; hand weakness; paraplegia

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7
Q

Injury T1-T10 neurologic defect

A

normal arm movement and strength; loss of bowel, bladder and sexual function

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8
Q

Injury T11 and below

A

loss of bowel, bladder and sexual function

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9
Q

Peripheral nervous system is a collection of nerve fibers and cell bodies outside the ….made up of either ….or ….nerves.

A

CNS, spinal or cranial

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10
Q

Peripheral nerves carry information to….or control movements and functions from the brain and spinal cord to the body.

A

spinal cord or brain

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11
Q

Somatic motor nerve cell body of spinal nerve lies in the ….of the spinal cord while it sends information through the axon to …muscle as far as a meter away.

A

ventral horn, innervate

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12
Q

somatic sensory nerve cell body resides in the ….receiving information via axon from the skin and synapsing on nerves in ….of the spinal cord.

A

dorsal root ganglia, dorsal horn

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13
Q

rhizotomy

A

sectioning of the dorsal or ventral roots of a spinal nerve in order to relive intractable pain or spastic paralysis.

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14
Q

ANS

A

visceral motor system that modulates internal organ function

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15
Q

Two divisions of ANS

A

sympathetic, parasympathetic

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16
Q

Sympathetic is also known as

A

thoracolumbar

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17
Q

Parasympathetic is also known as

A

craniosacral

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18
Q

preganglionic neurotransmitter is

A

Acetylcholine

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19
Q

postganglionic neurotransmitter is generally

A

norepinephrine

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20
Q

preganglionic fibers may synapse on up to … postganglionic fibers

A

30

21
Q

preganglionic (cranial) nerves are generally….

A

long

22
Q

The postganglionic parasympathetic nerves are generally near or in target organ and thus

A

short

23
Q

generally there is a 1:1 ratio of …to….ganglionic fibers

A

pre to post

24
Q

parasympathetic nerves uses ….as neurotransmitter

A

acetylcholine

25
Q

origin of trapezius

A

superior nuchal line, ligament. Spines of C7-T12.

26
Q

insertion of trapezius

A

spine of scapula, acromion and lateral 1/3 of clavicle

27
Q

nerve innervation of trapezius

A

CN XI, C3, C4

28
Q

action of trapezius

A

adduct, elevates, depresses, rotates

29
Q

levator scapulae origin

A

transverse processes of C1-C4

30
Q

insertion of levator scapulae

A

medial border of scapula

31
Q

nerve innervation of levator scapulae

A

dorsal scapular nerve C3, C4

32
Q

action of levator scapulae

A

elevates scapula

33
Q

origin of rhomboid minor

A

spines of C7-T1

34
Q

insertion of rhomboid minor

A

root of spine scapula

35
Q

nerve innervation of rhomboid minor

A

dorsal scapular nerve C5

36
Q

action of rhomboid minor

A

adducts scapula

37
Q

origin of rhomboid major

A

spines of T2-T5

38
Q

insertion of rhomboid major

A

medial border of scapula

39
Q

nerve innervation of rhomboid major

A

dorsal scapular nerve C5

40
Q

action of rhomboid major

A

adducts scapula

41
Q

Trapezius muscle origin from ….on back of head down to ….; inserts onto spine of scapula

A

superior nuchal line, T12

42
Q

all erector spinae muscles are innervated by ….of spinal nerves

A

posterior rami

43
Q

actions of erector spinae muscles

A

bilaterally they all help extend the head, cervical region or thorax; unilateral contraction causes sideward flexion or lateral bending and aid in twisting.

44
Q

deep layer of back muscles

A

transversospinalis

45
Q

3 transversospinalis

A

semispinalis, multifidus, rotatores

46
Q

spina bifida occulta is what degree of severity?

A

common; neurologically intact

47
Q

meningocele is what degree of severity?

A

may or may not have neurological affects

48
Q

meningomyelocele is what degree of severity?

A

caudal paralysis

49
Q

rachischisis

A

spinal cord not functional

Advanced Anatomy (38 decks)

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