Back Continued Flashcards
Injury to C1-C3 neurologic defect
no respiratory function, usually fatal unless immediate emergency help is available to establish respiration; quadriplegia
Injury to C4 neurologic defect
loss of diaphragm movement; breath with assistance; quadriplegia
Injury to C5 neurologic defect
partial shoulder movement; partial elbow movement
Injury to
C6 neurologic defect
retains gross motor function of arms; partial shoulder, elbow and wrist movement possible; paraplegia
Injury to C7 neurologic defect
shoulder, elbow, wrist, hand partial movement possible; paraplegia
Injury to C8 neurologic defect
normal arm movement; hand weakness; paraplegia
Injury T1-T10 neurologic defect
normal arm movement and strength; loss of bowel, bladder and sexual function
Injury T11 and below
loss of bowel, bladder and sexual function
Peripheral nervous system is a collection of nerve fibers and cell bodies outside the ….made up of either ….or ….nerves.
CNS, spinal or cranial
Peripheral nerves carry information to….or control movements and functions from the brain and spinal cord to the body.
spinal cord or brain
Somatic motor nerve cell body of spinal nerve lies in the ….of the spinal cord while it sends information through the axon to …muscle as far as a meter away.
ventral horn, innervate
somatic sensory nerve cell body resides in the ….receiving information via axon from the skin and synapsing on nerves in ….of the spinal cord.
dorsal root ganglia, dorsal horn
rhizotomy
sectioning of the dorsal or ventral roots of a spinal nerve in order to relive intractable pain or spastic paralysis.
ANS
visceral motor system that modulates internal organ function
Two divisions of ANS
sympathetic, parasympathetic
Sympathetic is also known as
thoracolumbar
Parasympathetic is also known as
craniosacral
preganglionic neurotransmitter is
Acetylcholine
postganglionic neurotransmitter is generally
norepinephrine
preganglionic fibers may synapse on up to … postganglionic fibers
30
preganglionic (cranial) nerves are generally….
long
The postganglionic parasympathetic nerves are generally near or in target organ and thus
short
generally there is a 1:1 ratio of …to….ganglionic fibers
pre to post
parasympathetic nerves uses ….as neurotransmitter
acetylcholine
origin of trapezius
superior nuchal line, ligament. Spines of C7-T12.
insertion of trapezius
spine of scapula, acromion and lateral 1/3 of clavicle
nerve innervation of trapezius
CN XI, C3, C4
action of trapezius
adduct, elevates, depresses, rotates
levator scapulae origin
transverse processes of C1-C4
insertion of levator scapulae
medial border of scapula
nerve innervation of levator scapulae
dorsal scapular nerve C3, C4
action of levator scapulae
elevates scapula
origin of rhomboid minor
spines of C7-T1
insertion of rhomboid minor
root of spine scapula
nerve innervation of rhomboid minor
dorsal scapular nerve C5
action of rhomboid minor
adducts scapula
origin of rhomboid major
spines of T2-T5
insertion of rhomboid major
medial border of scapula
nerve innervation of rhomboid major
dorsal scapular nerve C5
action of rhomboid major
adducts scapula
Trapezius muscle origin from ….on back of head down to ….; inserts onto spine of scapula
superior nuchal line, T12
all erector spinae muscles are innervated by ….of spinal nerves
posterior rami
actions of erector spinae muscles
bilaterally they all help extend the head, cervical region or thorax; unilateral contraction causes sideward flexion or lateral bending and aid in twisting.
deep layer of back muscles
transversospinalis
3 transversospinalis
semispinalis, multifidus, rotatores
spina bifida occulta is what degree of severity?
common; neurologically intact
meningocele is what degree of severity?
may or may not have neurological affects
meningomyelocele is what degree of severity?
caudal paralysis
rachischisis
spinal cord not functional
