Back Continued

Question 1

Injury to C1-C3 neurologic defect

Answer 1

no respiratory function, usually fatal unless immediate emergency help is available to establish respiration; quadriplegia

Question 2

Injury to C4 neurologic defect

Answer 2

loss of diaphragm movement; breath with assistance; quadriplegia

Question 3

Injury to C5 neurologic defect

Answer 3

partial shoulder movement; partial elbow movement

Question 4

Injury to

C6 neurologic defect

Answer 4

retains gross motor function of arms; partial shoulder, elbow and wrist movement possible; paraplegia

Question 5

Injury to C7 neurologic defect

Answer 5

shoulder, elbow, wrist, hand partial movement possible; paraplegia

Question 6

Injury to C8 neurologic defect

Answer 6

normal arm movement; hand weakness; paraplegia

Question 7

Injury T1-T10 neurologic defect

Answer 7

normal arm movement and strength; loss of bowel, bladder and sexual function

Question 8

Injury T11 and below

Answer 8

loss of bowel, bladder and sexual function

Question 9

Peripheral nervous system is a collection of nerve fibers and cell bodies outside the ….made up of either ….or ….nerves.

Answer 9

CNS, spinal or cranial

Question 10

Peripheral nerves carry information to….or control movements and functions from the brain and spinal cord to the body.

Answer 10

spinal cord or brain

Question 11

Somatic motor nerve cell body of spinal nerve lies in the ….of the spinal cord while it sends information through the axon to …muscle as far as a meter away.

Answer 11

ventral horn, innervate

Question 12

somatic sensory nerve cell body resides in the ….receiving information via axon from the skin and synapsing on nerves in ….of the spinal cord.

Answer 12

dorsal root ganglia, dorsal horn

Question 13

rhizotomy

Answer 13

sectioning of the dorsal or ventral roots of a spinal nerve in order to relive intractable pain or spastic paralysis.

Question 14

ANS

Answer 14

visceral motor system that modulates internal organ function

Question 15

Two divisions of ANS

Answer 15

sympathetic, parasympathetic

Question 16

Sympathetic is also known as

Answer 16

thoracolumbar

Question 17

Parasympathetic is also known as

Answer 17

craniosacral

Question 18

preganglionic neurotransmitter is

Answer 18

Acetylcholine

Question 19

postganglionic neurotransmitter is generally

Answer 19

norepinephrine

Question 20

preganglionic fibers may synapse on up to … postganglionic fibers

Answer 20

30

Question 21

preganglionic (cranial) nerves are generally….

Answer 21

long

Question 22

The postganglionic parasympathetic nerves are generally near or in target organ and thus

Answer 22

short

Question 23

generally there is a 1:1 ratio of …to….ganglionic fibers

Answer 23

pre to post

Question 24

parasympathetic nerves uses ….as neurotransmitter

Answer 24

acetylcholine

Question 25

origin of trapezius

Answer 25

superior nuchal line, ligament. Spines of C7-T12.

Question 26

insertion of trapezius

Answer 26

spine of scapula, acromion and lateral 1/3 of clavicle

Question 27

nerve innervation of trapezius

Answer 27

CN XI, C3, C4

Question 28

action of trapezius

Answer 28

adduct, elevates, depresses, rotates

Question 29

levator scapulae origin

Answer 29

transverse processes of C1-C4

Question 30

insertion of levator scapulae

Answer 30

medial border of scapula

Question 31

nerve innervation of levator scapulae

Answer 31

dorsal scapular nerve C3, C4

Question 32

action of levator scapulae

Answer 32

elevates scapula

Question 33

origin of rhomboid minor

Answer 33

spines of C7-T1

Question 34

insertion of rhomboid minor

Answer 34

root of spine scapula

Question 35

nerve innervation of rhomboid minor

Answer 35

dorsal scapular nerve C5

Question 36

action of rhomboid minor

Answer 36

adducts scapula

Question 37

origin of rhomboid major

Answer 37

spines of T2-T5

Question 38

insertion of rhomboid major

Answer 38

medial border of scapula

Question 39

nerve innervation of rhomboid major

Answer 39

dorsal scapular nerve C5

Question 40

action of rhomboid major

Answer 40

adducts scapula

Question 41

Trapezius muscle origin from ....on back of head down to ....; inserts onto spine of scapula

Answer 41

superior nuchal line, T12

Question 42

all erector spinae muscles are innervated by ....of spinal nerves

Answer 42

posterior rami

Question 43

actions of erector spinae muscles

Answer 43

bilaterally they all help extend the head, cervical region or thorax; unilateral contraction causes sideward flexion or lateral bending and aid in twisting.

Question 44

deep layer of back muscles

Answer 44

transversospinalis

Question 45

3 transversospinalis

Answer 45

semispinalis, multifidus, rotatores

Question 46

spina bifida occulta is what degree of severity?

Answer 46

common; neurologically intact

Question 47

meningocele is what degree of severity?

Answer 47

may or may not have neurological affects

Question 48

meningomyelocele is what degree of severity?

Answer 48

caudal paralysis

Question 49

rachischisis

Answer 49

spinal cord not functional