Untitled spreadsheet - Sheet1

Question 1

South Africa’s first black African president, also famous for spending 27 years in prison

Answer 1

Nelson Mandela

Question 2

Why Mandela was freed from prison in 1990

Answer 2

Growing domestic and international pressure on South African government

Question 3

struggle for independence

Answer 3

decolonization

Question 4

Oceania’s attempts to keep traditional principles, including decision making with consensus (where no one’s feelings are hurt)

Answer 4

Pacific Way

Question 5

Austrian Empire, Ottoman Empire, Russian Empire, Japanese Empire, German Empire

Answer 5

Empires that fell rip

Question 6

Nationalization of Mexico’s oil industry

Answer 6

Outcome of Mexican Revolution

Question 7

Reasons behind end of colonial empires

Answer 7

Contradictions between Enlightenment, Christian, and material progress morals and the unfairness of colonial exploitation (basically they were being hypocritical pieces of trash); Rise of National self-determination (Europe played themselves); Democratic values

Question 8

coming together of separate developments at a time aka coincidences

Answer 8

conjucture

Question 9

reasons behind why “fatal flaw” of Europe led way to independence

Answer 9

1. world wars weakened Europe; world wars discredited Europe’s moral superiority (genocide, that’s why!); US and Soviet Union oppose colonial empires (they were being hypocritical tho); United Nations provided platform for anticolonial agitation (basically a place for them to protest against colonies)

Question 10

Social and economic circumstances that allowed material for anticolonial movements

Answer 10

Elite INTELLECTUALS from colonies; NON-INTELLECTUALS who were resentful of Europe’s privileges

Question 11

ways colonial rulers created political relationships with their Asian/African subjects (only cuz they were being threatened)

Answer 11

Investments in public works; holding of elections; writing of constitutions

Question 12

activist leaders or “fathers” of countries

Answer 12

1. Ghandi and Nehru in India *lawyer dude; Sukarno in Indonesia *isms dude; Ho Chi Minh in Vietnam *asian dude; Nkrumah in Ghana *hero dude; Mandela in South Africa *jailed dude

Question 13

problems within anticolonial movements

Answer 13

intellectuals tired of non-intellectuals, power struggles

Question 14

Place that only took 4 years to get independence unlike the other countries that took decades

Answer 14

Belgian Congo

Question 15

weird Indonesia guy who talked about himself in third person and said “_______ is a mixture of all these isms” about himself

Answer 15

Sukarno (I memorized it as: Sue-car-no)

Question 16

what promoted Indian identity

Answer 16

. British rejecting Indian assimilation; British putting in technology that made communication easier so that Indians could communicate better #played themselves again; Movements to reform Hinduism

Question 17

political party of well educated Indians from elite Hindu families (originally not popular with common people)

Answer 17

Indian National Congress (INC) also known as Congress PArTy

Question 18

Babus, what British called the Congress Party when they asked for more inclusion

Answer 18

semi-literate native with only a thin layer of modern culture (basically half-savages)

Question 19

Peaceful lawyer dude who experiences racism in South Africa, was educated in England, married at 13, and wanted equality between Hindus and Muslims. Thought best way was by rejecting industrialization and pursuing social reform. Killed by Hindu extremist. Disappointed by the division of Hindus and Muslims.

Answer 19

Mohandas Gandhi (if you don’t know who Gandhi is by now then shame on you)

Question 20

truth force; Gandhi’s political philosophy

Answer 20

Satyagraha

Question 21

Great SOUL

Answer 21

Mahatma (what they called Ghandi)

Question 22

what Gandhi viewed women as

Answer 22

people with virtue, self-sacrifice, and endurance :) ; still supported traditional female roles and passiveness :(

Question 23

Gandhi’s chief lieutenant who embraced modern industrialization unlike Gandhi

Answer 23

Jawaharlal Nehru

Question 24

Opposition to Gandhi within India

Answer 24

1. Hindus hate on Muslims; Congress party hates on women and untouchables; Castes hate on other castes

Question 25

muslim version of congress party who were worried about being a minority

Answer 25

All-India Muslim League

Question 26

Urdu

Answer 26

Muslim persian script

Question 27

Hindus started calling India a goddess by the name of ______________________________________

Answer 27

Bande Mataram (Mother India)

Question 28

what hindus did that antagonized muslims

Answer 28

Called India a goddess (Bande Mataram), tried to protec cows, enforced teaching of Hindi language in schools

Question 29

Leader of Muslim League

Answer 29

Muhammad Ali Jinnah

Question 30

Pakistan

Answer 30

land of the pure

Question 31

Partition

Answer 31

bloody division of Pakistan and Hindu india that made them two separate countries about 1,000 miles apart

Question 32

Percentage of white humans in South Africa

Answer 32

less than 20 percent

Question 33

whites in South America

Answer 33

economically dominant white guys were british dudes; politically dominant white guys were Dutch descended dudes called Boers/Afrikaners; both disliked black majority rule despite not really liking each other either :\

Question 34

Afrikaners

Answer 34

white Africans, also go by the name of Boers

Question 35

mature industrial economy of Africa

Answer 35

gold, diamonds, steel, rubber, automobile

Question 36

Muslim Pathan dude who was the “Frontier Gandhi” and came from British mission school.

Answer 36

Abdul Ghaffar Khan

Question 37

Khudai Khidmatgar, established by Muslim Pathan Khan guy

Answer 37

Servants of God movement in Pathan

Question 38

Badshah Khan; what Abdul Ghaffar Khan dude was called

Answer 38

king of khans

Question 39

jihad

Answer 39

islamic holy war

Question 40

Why Abdul Ghaffar Khan was so successful

Answer 40

Related nonviolent protest to jihad, Prophet Muhammad’s mission, and Pathan male virtues

Question 41

why Abdul Ghaffar Khan, the Muslim Pathan guy, was all dramatic and felt betrayed (hint hint he later sided with pakistan tho)

Answer 41

the partition/ division of India

Question 42

Why Pakistani authorities didn’t trust Servants of God (supporters of Abdul Ghaffar Khan)

Answer 42

they were against military, formation of pakistan, and was for working with Hindus

Question 43

apartheid

Answer 43

overwhelming prominence of race/ segregation/ basically racism

Question 44

pass laws

Answer 44

laws that monitored movement of Africans into cities

Question 45

native reserves or Bantustans

Answer 45

ethnic homelands in africa that were very unhumane

Question 46

African version of Congress PArtY who only wanted to be accepted as “civilized men” and denied full membership to women :(

Answer 46

African National Congress (ANC)

Question 47

What women in south africa did to help despite the African National Congress being v sexist

Answer 47

catering, entertainment , boycotts, protests, wage demands

Question 48

opposition to African National Congress cue dramatic music

Answer 48

Afrikaner-led National Party; It made people realize that peaceful protests wouldn’t work

Question 49

South African government’s v unfair attempts at repression

Answer 49

shooting of 69 unarmed people in Sharpville, banning of African National Congress, and imprisonment of Nelson Mandela

Question 50

civil disobedience kind of reminds me of people in Borgeson’s class

Answer 50

freedom struggle in South Africa turned to mostly illegal activities after formations of the Afrikaner National Party and government repression; underground nationalist leaders, sabotage, assassinations, guerrilla warfare (smaller nontraditional army uses tactics to defeat larger army)

Question 51

student groups effort to foster pride and unity among African majority

Answer 51

Black Conciousness

Question 52

Soweto

Answer 52

protests at this impoverished black neighborhood was where people in the Black Conciousness movement were gunned down; they were originally protesting cuz the government was going to made them learn in the Afrikaner language rather than English

Question 53

black labor movement

Answer 53

Congress of South African Trade Unions

Question 54

international pressures to end apartheid (racism)

Answer 54

exclusion from Olympics, refusal of entertainers to come to South Africa, withdrawal of private investments, boycotts

Question 55

compromises between white South Africans and African Nationalist Leaders

Answer 55

Ending of apartheid practices, release of Nelson Mandela from prison (only after 27 years there tho), legalization of African National Congress, negotiations that led to fair election

Question 56

Gatsha Buthelezi (probs won’t need to know this but whatever)

Answer 56

leader of Zulu-based Inkatha Freedom Party in South Africa; this party received funding from apartheid state

Question 57

Three political groups in Africa that were not friendly with each other (were all founded by black Africans tho)

Answer 57

Black Conciousness, African National Congress, and Inkatha Freedom Party

Question 58

group that limited membership to black Africans

Answer 58

Pan Africanist Congress

Question 59

Kwame Nkrumah (I memorized this by dividing it into: N-Kru Mah)

Answer 59

Africa’s first modern nationalist HERO of Ghana; thought that winning the “political kingdom” was give them everything they needed (spoiler alert: haha no it didn’t)

Question 60

??????question that arises after independence??????

Answer 60

whether freedom was really a chance to improve life ; these newly freed countries all called the third world/ developing countries/ Global South

Question 61

differences b/w India and South Africa

Answer 61

1. Africa had no religious conflict; India didn’t have severe racism; Africa didn’t have as much violence as India (when India separated, remember that it was very violent); One starts with an “I” and one starts with a “S”