Chapter 23 Part 1 Flashcards
Who was a young uneducated woman from Java in Indonesia during the 21st century, who’s husband died, and was made a sex worker, and now works to help others put in that situation?
Memey
By the 1990s, the process of accelerating engagement among distant peoples was widely known as what?
globalization
At a conference where in 1944, the US forged a set of agreements and institutions that laid the foundation for postwar globalization?
Bretton Woods, New Hampshire
At the Bretton Woods conference what agreements and institutions were founded that laid the foundation for globalization?
the World Bank and the INternational Monetary Fund (IMF)
What did the “Bretton Woods system” do?
negotiated the rules for commercial and financial dealings among the major capitalist countries, while promoting relatively free trade, stable currency values linked to the U.S. dollar, and high levels of capital investment
What technological advances also contributed to the acceleration of economic globalization?
Containerized shipping, huge oil tankers, and air express services
What was the economic globalization that took shape in 1970s later known as ?
neoliberalism
What was “reglobalization”?
an immensely significant process which was expressed in the accelerating circulation of goods, capital, and people
World trade skyrocketed from a value of some $57 billion in 1947 to what in 2012?
to about $18.3 trillion
What company of London marketed its 120 blends of tea in more than 100 countries?
Twinings
In 2005 what percentage of Walmart products included components from China?
70 percent
What company replaced General Motors as the world’s largest automaker, with manufacturing facilities in at least eighteen countries?
Toyota
What were the three ways money as well as goods achieved an amazing global mobility?
foreign direct investment, short-term movement of capital (investing in foreign currencies or stock), and personal funds of individuals
In 2012, what company was accepted at some 33 million businesses in 220 countries or territories?
Mastercard
Central to the acceleration of economic globalization have been huge global businesses known as what?
transnational corporations (TNCs)
What company produced Barbie, that quintessentially American doll, in factories located in Indonesia, Malaysia, and China?
Mattel Corporation
What TNCs in 1960s, often were of such an enormous size and had such economic clout that their assets and power dwarfed that of many countries?
Royal Dutch Shell, Sony, and General Motors
By 2000, how many of the world’s 100 largest economic units were in fact TNCs, not countries?
51
What people moved to Great Britain?
Pakistanis, Indians, and West Indians
What people moved to France?
Algerians and West Africans
What people moved to the United States?
Filipinos, Koreans, Cubans, Mexicans, and Haitians
A considerable majority of the people who relocated since the 1960s in a pattern of global migration have been dubbed what?
labor migrants
Refugees fled around the world out of which countries for example?
Vietnam, Cambodia, Sudan, Uganda, Cuba, and Haiti
The journey to America had been dangerous as burning deserts, American immigration authorities, and depended on the expensive and sometimes unreliable “________” who facilitated the smuggling of people across the border
coyotes
What contributed to a severe stock market crash in 1973-74 and great hardship for many developing countries?
soaring oil prices
What is another term for the inflated housing market which in the United States collapsed, triggering millions of home foreclosures, unemployment, credit and decline in spending in 2008?
bubble
Where did some 90 percent of the country’s diamond-mine workers lose their job?
Sierra Leone
What well-known capitalist financier and investor, a billionaire many times over, acknowledged that the global capitalist system has produced uneven playing field. the gap between the rich and poor is getting wider?
George Soros in 2000
In 1994 in Mexico, what rebellion expressed southern resentment the north and featured a strong anti-globalization platform?
Chiapas Rebellion
Who was the leader of the Chiapas rebellion who referred to globalization as a “process to eliminate that multitude of people who are not useful to the powerful.”
Subcomandante Marcos
The movement of anti-globalization appeared dramatically on the world’s radar in 1999 in Seattle at a meeting of what?
World Trade Organization (WTO)
To protest the meeting in Seattle of the WTO, protesters organized what around the slogan “No globalization without representation?”
Seattle Tea Party
In 2001, alternative globalization activists created what, an annual gathering to coordinate strategy, exchange ideas, and share experiences, under the slogan “Another world is possible.”
World Social Forum
In its economic dimension, American dominance has been termed what which uses its immense wealth to entice or intimidate potential collaborators?
empire of production
When the United States was attacked by Islamic militants on September 11, 2001, where did they unleash their power?
first against Afghanistan, which had sheltered the al-Qaeda instigators and then against Iraq where Saddam Hussein allegedly had been developing weapons of mass destruction
What war divided the United States more sharply than at any time since the Civil War?
The Vietnam War - it split families and friendships, churches and political parties
What idea spread through the planet that was one of the most powerful?
liberation
Where did swelling protests against unresponsive bureaucracy, consumerism, and middle-class values most notably erupt?
France in 1968
IN 1968, a new Communist Party leadership in Czechoslovakia, was led by whom, who initiated a sweeping series of reforms aimed at creating “socialism with a human face”?
Alexander Dubcek
What is Prague Spring?
a period of political liberalization in Czechoslovakia during the era of its domination by the Soviet Union after World War II. It began on 5 January 1968, when reformist Alexander Dubček was elected; reforms were a strong attempt by Dubček to grant additional rights to the citizens of Czechoslovakia
In the developing countries, a substantial number of political leaders, activists, scholars, and students developed the notion of what?
third world
By the late 1960s, the icon of this third-world ideology was whom, the Argentine-born revolutionary who had embraced the Cuban Revolution and attempted to replicate its experience of liberation through guerrilla warfare?
Che Guevara
What expression of global culture of liberation held the most profound potential for change?
feminism
In France what writer and philosopher in 1949 had published The Second Sex, a book arguing that woman had historically been defined as “other,” or deviant from the “normal” male sex?
Simone de Beauvoir
French feminists staged a counter-Mother’s Day parade under what slogan?
Celebrated one day; exploited all year.
What book by Betty Friedan in 1963, disclosed the identity crisis of educated women, unfulfilled by marriage and motherhood?
The Feminine Mystique
What was the more radical expression of American feminism known as?
women’s liberation
Women’s liberationists challenged the Miss America contest of 1968 by doing what?
tossing stink bombs in the hall, crowing a live sheep as their Miss America, and disposing of girdles, bras, high-heeled shoes, tweezers, and other “instruments of oppression” in a Freedom Trashcan
Many African governments and many African men defined feminism of any kind as what and associated it with hated colonialism?
un-African
In the North African Islamic kingdom of Morocco, a more centrally directed and nationally focused feminist movement targeted what?
the country’s Family Law Code - defined women as minors
In Chile, a women’s movement emerged as part of a national struggle against the military dictatorship of whom?
General Augusto Pinochet
Feminism registered as a global issue when the United Nations, under pressure from women activists, declared 1975 as what?
International Women’s Year and the next ten years as the Decade for Women
Who was a prominent American opponent of the Equal Rights Amendment, feminism was a “disease” that brought fear, sickness, pain, etc.?
Phyllis Schlafly
