Unit Two: Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

Compare the autonomic nervous system with the somatic nervous system.

Answer 1

The ANS innervates visceral effectors. The SNS’s lower motor neurons innervate skeletal muscles.

Question 2

What two subdivisions is the ANS composed of?

Answer 2

1. Parasympathetic. 2. Sympathetic.

Question 3

What are the two subdivisions of the PNS?

Answer 3

1. Autonomic Nervous System. 2. Somatic Nervous System.

Question 4

What is the somatic nervous system associated with?

Answer 4

Voluntary movements of skeletal muscles. It involves afferent sensory and efferent motor neurons.

Question 5

What is the autonomic nervous system associated with?

Answer 5

Involuntary actions of smooth muscles, glands, and visceral structures. It involves afferent sensory and efferent motor neurons.

Question 6

Where are preganglionic sympathetic neuron cell bodies located?

Answer 6

In the lateral horn of the gray matter form T1 to L2.

Question 7

Where are the cell bodies of preganglionic parasympathetic neurons located?

Answer 7

In the gray matter of the brain stem and the sacral region of the spinal cord (S2-S4).

Question 8

Which autonomic division has longer preganglionic neurons?

Answer 8

Parasympathetic.

Question 9

What is an autonomic plexus?

Answer 9

Collections of sympathetic postganglionic axons, parasympathetic preganglionic axons, and visceral sensory axons.

Question 10

Where does the cardiac plexus innervate?

Answer 10

Heart.

Question 11

Where does the esophageal plexus innervate?

Answer 11

Lower esophagus.

Question 12

What are the two major nerves in the parasympathetic division?

Answer 12

1. Vagus nerve. 2. Pelvic Splanchnic nerve.

Question 13

Where does the celiac plexus innervate?

Answer 13

Foregut.

Question 14

Where does the superior mesenteric plexus innervate?

Answer 14

Midgut.

Question 15

Where does the inferior mesenteric plexus innervate?

Answer 15

Hindgut.

Question 16

What plexuses does the vagus nerve innervate? (5)

Answer 16

1. Cardiac. 2. Pulmonary. 3. Esophageal. 4. Celiac. 5. Superior mesenteric.

Question 17

What plexuses do the pelvic splanchnic nerves innervate?

Answer 17

1. Inferior mesenteric. 2. Hypogastric.

Question 18

Where does the Hypogastric plexus innervate?

Answer 18

Pelvic organs.

Question 19

Where are the pelvic splanchnic nerves located?

Answer 19

S1-S4.

Question 20

Where is the vagus nerve located?

Answer 20

X.

Question 21

Where are synapses located in the sympathetic division?

Answer 21

Sympathetic chain ganglia.

Question 22

What are white rami communicantes made up of? Is it mylenated?

Answer 22

Preganglionic sympathetic axons of T1-L2 spinal nerves. It is mylenated.

Question 23

What are gray rami communicantes made up of? Is it mylenated?

Answer 23

Postganglionic sympathetic axons from the sympathetic trunk to the spinal cord. They are not mylenated.

Question 24

Where do the postganglionic neurons exit?

Answer 24

Through the gray ramus communicantes.

Question 25

Where does the spinal nerve pathway originate?

Answer 25

T1-L2.

Question 26

Where does the postganglionic sympathetic pathway originate?

Answer 26

T1-T5.

Question 27

Where does the splanchnic nerve pathway originate?

Answer 27

T5-L2.

Question 28

Where does the adrenal medulla pathway originate?

Answer 28

T8-T12.

Question 28

Where does the spinal nerve pathway innervate?

Answer 28

The integument, including arrector pili muscles, sweat glands, and blood vessels.

Question 29

Where is the greater splanchnic nerve located? What does it innervate?

Answer 29

T5-T9. The celiac ganglion, plexus, and the foregut.

Question 30

Where is the lumbar splanchnic nerve located? What does it innervate?

Answer 30

L1-L2. Inferior mesenteric ganglion, plexus, hindgut.

Question 31

Where are the lesser and least splanchnic nerves located? What does they innervate?

Answer 31

T10-11; T12. Superior mesenteric ganglion, plexus, midgut.

Question 32

Where are the sacral splanchnic nerves located? What does it innervate?

Answer 32

L3-S2. Hypogastric plexus, pelvic organs.

Question 33

Which division has greater divergence? Why?

Answer 33

Sympathetic. Has longer postganglionic axons.

Question 34

Does the parasympathetic division have a local response or a vast response?

Answer 34

A local response.

Question 35

What is referred pain?

Answer 35

Occurs when impulses from certain viscera are perceived as originating not from the organ but in a dermatome of the skin.

Question 36

What do sympathetic preganglionic neurons release?

Answer 36

Acetylcholine.

Question 37

What do sympathetic postganglionic neurons release?

Answer 37

Norepinephrine.

Question 38

What do all pre- and postganglionic neurons in the parasympathetic division release?

Answer 38

Acetylcholine.

Question 40

What do all pre and postganlionic neurons in the parasympathetic division release?

Answer 40

Acetylcholine.

Question 41

Which system includes the pelvic splanchnic nerves?

Answer 41

The parasympathetic.

Question 42

What artery supplies the foregut?

Answer 42

Celiac trunk.

Question 43

What artery supplies the midgut?

Answer 43

Superior mesenteric artery.

Question 44

What artery supplies the hindgut?

Answer 44

Inferior mesenteric artery.

Question 45

What is the name of the gonadal arteries by sex?

Answer 45

Male: Testicular. Female: Ovarian.