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Anatomy > Unit Three: Oral Cavity, Taste, and the Pharynx and Larynx > Flashcards

Unit Three: Oral Cavity, Taste, and the Pharynx and Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two main regions of the oral cavity?

A
  1. Vestibule. 2. Oral cavity proper.
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2
Q

What is the functions of gingivae (gums)?

A

Cover the alveolar processes of the upper and lower jaws and surrounds the necks of the teeth.

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3
Q

How much of the palate is hard palate?

A

The anterior 2/3rds.

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4
Q

What two bones make up the hard palate?

A
  1. Maxillae. 2. Palatine.
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5
Q

What is the function of the uvula?

A

Prevents food from entering the pharynx too soon.

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6
Q

What does glossal refer to?

A

The tongue.

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7
Q

Through what does the oral cavity open into the oropharynx?

A

Through muscular folds.

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8
Q

What are the two muscular folds through which the oral cavity opens into the oropharynx?

A
  1. Palatoglossal arch (palatoglossus muscle). 2. Palatopharyngeal arch (palatopharyngeal muscle).
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9
Q

What is between the two arches through which the oral cavity opens into the oropharynx?

A

Palatine tonsils.

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10
Q

What innervates the salivary glands? (2)

A
  1. CN VII (Facial). 2. CN IX (Glossopharyngeal nerve).
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11
Q

Where does the sympathetic innervation innervating salivary glands come from?

A

Superior cervical ganglia.

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12
Q

What nerve goes through the parotid glands, but doesn’t innervate it?

A

Cranial nerve VII.

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13
Q

What is the largest salivary gland? Does it produce the most saliva?

A

The parotid glands. No.

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14
Q

Where does the parotid duct go?

A

Parallel to the zygomatic arch and pierces the buccinator.

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15
Q

What nerve stimulates secretion in the parotid gland?

A

Cranial nerve IX (Glossopharyngeal nerve).

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16
Q

What salivary glands does cranial nerve VII innervate? (2)

A
  1. Submandibular glands. 2. Sublingual glands.
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17
Q

What gland produces the majority of the saliva?

A

The submandibular glands.

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18
Q

Where do sublingual ducts open?

A

Onto the inferior surface of the oral cavity.

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19
Q

What superior part of the tooth?

A

The crown.

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20
Q

What layer of a tooth is below the crown?

A

The dentine.

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21
Q

What is the top layer of a tooth?

A

The enamel.

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22
Q

What is the middle portion of a tooth?

A

The neck.

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23
Q

What is the deepest portion of a tooth?

A

The root.

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24
Q

What tooth layer is beneath the dentine?

A

The pulp cavity.

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25
Q

What does the pulp cavity contain?

A

Spongy and highly vascular. It contains the dental arteries, veins, and nerves.

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26
Q

What does cement do?

A

Covers the dentine of the root and protects and firmly anchors the periodontal ligament.

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27
Q

What is the periodontal ligament?

A

Collegen fibers that extend from the dentine of the root to the bone, creating a strong, fibrous articulation known as a gomphosis.

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28
Q

What are the incisors? Where are they found?

A

Blade-shaped teeth found at the front of the mouth.

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29
Q

What are the cuspids, or canines?

A

Conical teeth with a sharp ridgeline and a pointed tip.

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30
Q

What is the function of incisors?

A

To clip and cut food.

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31
Q

What is the function of cuspids, or canines?

A

To tear and slash food.

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32
Q

What is the function of premolars?

A

To crush, mash, and grind food.

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33
Q

What is the functions of molars?

A

Crushing and grinding food.

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34
Q

Describe where teeth are from the medial to lateral alignment. (4)

A
  1. Incisors. 2. Cuspids. 3. Premolars. 4. Molars.
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35
Q

What are the muscles of mastication innervated by?

A

Cranial nerve V.

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36
Q

Where do all muscles of mastication insert?

A

On the mandible.

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37
Q

What does the temporalis do?

A

Elevates and retracts the mandible.

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38
Q

What does the masseter do?

A

Elevates and protracts the mandible.

39
Q

What is the function of the lateral and medial pterygolds?

A

Protracts and moves the mandible from side to side.

40
Q

Does any muscle open the mouth?

A

No.

41
Q

What do intrinsic muscles do?

A

Change the shape of the tongue.

42
Q

Where do intrinsic muscles originate and inset?

A

Within the tongue.

43
Q

Where do extrinsic muscles originate and insert?

A

Originate away from the tongue. Insert on the tongue.

44
Q

What are four extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A
  1. Genioglossus. 2. Stlyoglossus. 3. Hyloglossus. 4. Palatoglossus.
45
Q

What are the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles, except the palatoglossuss, of the tongue innervated by?

A

Cranial nerve XII (Hypoglossal).

46
Q

What is the palatoglossus extrinsic muscle of the tongue innervated by?

A

CN X (Vagus).

47
Q

What is the function of the palatoglossus muscle?

A

Elevates the tongue.

48
Q

What is the function of the hyoglossus muscle?

A

Retract and depress tongue.

49
Q

What are taste buds?

A

Specialized organs for taste.

50
Q

What is each taste bud composed of?

A

Many gustatory cells with taste receptors.

51
Q

Where are filiform papillae distributed?

A

In the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue.

52
Q

What do fungiform papillae contain?

A

Taste buds.

53
Q

What are the largest papillae?

A

Vallate.

54
Q

Where are most taste buds found?

A

On vallate papillae.

55
Q

Where are vallate papillae found?

A

Inverted V shape on the posterior dorsal surface of the tongue.

56
Q

Where do axons of the gustatory cells of the tongue travel through?

A

Cranial nerves VII and IX to the brainstem.

57
Q

Where does gustatory information go after the brainstem?

A

To the thalamus.

58
Q

Where does gustatory information go after the thalamus?

A

Taste fibers project to the primary gustatory cortex in the insular cortex.

59
Q

What does salivary amylase do?

A

Begins breakdown of carbohydrates.

60
Q

What does lingual lipase do?

A

Begins breakdown of lipids.

61
Q

What is the pharynx?

A

Funnel shaped tube that lies posterior to and extends inferiorly from the oral and nasal cavities.

62
Q

What artery supplies the pharynx?

A

External carotid artery.

63
Q

Where is the nasopharynx?

A

Continuous with the nasal cavity and superior to the soft palate.

64
Q

What is the lining of the nasopharynx?

A

Psuedostratefied ciliated columnar epithelium.

65
Q

What two structures are found within the nasopharynx?

A
  1. Openings of the auditory tubes. 2. Pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids).
66
Q

Where is the oropharynx?

A

It extends between the soft palate and the base of the tongue at the level of the hyoid bone.

67
Q

What is the lining of the oropharynx and laryngopharynx?

A

Non-keratinized stratefied squamous epithelium.

68
Q

What are two structures found in the oropharynx?

A
  1. Palatine tonsils. 2. Lingual tonsils.
69
Q

Where is the laryngopharynx?

A

Inferior to the hyoid and continuous with the larynx and esophagus.

70
Q

What are the two palatal muscles?

A
  1. Levator veli palatini. 2. Tensor veli palatini.
71
Q

What is the function of the levator veli palatini?

A

Elevate the soft palate when swallowing.

72
Q

What is the function of the tensor veli palatini?

A

Tenses soft palate and opens auditory tube when swallowing or yawning.

73
Q

What innervates the levator veli palatini?

A

CN X (Vagus).

74
Q

What innervates the tensor veli palatini?

A

CN V (trigeminal), mandibular division.

75
Q

What are three muscles that elevate the pharynx and larynx?

A
  1. Palatopharyngeus. 2. Salpingopharyngeus. 3. Stylopharyngeus.
76
Q

What are the three muscles that elevate the pharynx and larynx innervated by?

A

CN X (Vagus).

77
Q

What are the primary pharyngeal constrictors? (3)

A
  1. Superior (innermost). 2. Middle. 3. Inferior (outermost).
78
Q

What are the pharyngeal constrictors innervated by?

A

CN X (Vagus).

79
Q

What is the function of the larynx?

A

Connects the pharynx to the trachea.

80
Q

What two cartilage are in the larynx?

A
  1. Thyroid. 2. Cricoid.
81
Q

What forms the laryngeal prominences?

A

Thyroid cartilage.

82
Q

Where is the cricoid cartilage in the larynx?

A

Inferior to the thyroid cartilage.

83
Q

What is the largest cartilage in the larynx?

A

The thyroid cartilage.

84
Q

What is the function of the epiglottis?

A

Closing the opening to the larynx when swallowing.

85
Q

What paired cartilages play an important role in sound production? (3)

A
  1. Arytenoid. 2. Comiculate. 3. Cuneiform.
86
Q

What are vocal folds?

A

Vocal ligaments covered by a mucous membrane.

87
Q

What is the glottis?

A

The opening between vocal folds.

88
Q

What sounds do shorter and tensor cords result in?

A

Higher pitch.

89
Q

What sounds do longer and looser cords result in?

A

Lower pitch.

90
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the larynx?

A

Suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles.

91
Q

Regions above the vocal folds have what type of epithelium?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium.

92
Q

Regions below the vocal folds have what type of epithelium?

A

Respiratory tract epithelium.

93
Q

What prevents water from going up the nose? (2)

A
  1. Soft palate. 2. Uvula.
94
Q

What is the rima glottidis?

A

The opening between the true vocal cords and the arytenoid cartilages of the larynx.

Anatomy (38 decks)

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