Unit Three: Oral Cavity, Taste, and the Pharynx and Larynx

Question 1

What are the two main regions of the oral cavity?

Answer 1

1. Vestibule. 2. Oral cavity proper.

Question 2

What is the functions of gingivae (gums)?

Answer 2

Cover the alveolar processes of the upper and lower jaws and surrounds the necks of the teeth.

Question 3

How much of the palate is hard palate?

Answer 3

The anterior 2/3rds.

Question 4

What two bones make up the hard palate?

Answer 4

1. Maxillae. 2. Palatine.

Question 5

What is the function of the uvula?

Answer 5

Prevents food from entering the pharynx too soon.

Question 6

What does glossal refer to?

Answer 6

The tongue.

Question 7

Through what does the oral cavity open into the oropharynx?

Answer 7

Through muscular folds.

Question 8

What are the two muscular folds through which the oral cavity opens into the oropharynx?

Answer 8

1. Palatoglossal arch (palatoglossus muscle). 2. Palatopharyngeal arch (palatopharyngeal muscle).

Question 9

What is between the two arches through which the oral cavity opens into the oropharynx?

Answer 9

Palatine tonsils.

Question 10

What innervates the salivary glands? (2)

Answer 10

1. CN VII (Facial). 2. CN IX (Glossopharyngeal nerve).

Question 11

Where does the sympathetic innervation innervating salivary glands come from?

Answer 11

Superior cervical ganglia.

Question 12

What nerve goes through the parotid glands, but doesn’t innervate it?

Answer 12

Cranial nerve VII.

Question 13

What is the largest salivary gland? Does it produce the most saliva?

Answer 13

The parotid glands. No.

Question 14

Where does the parotid duct go?

Answer 14

Parallel to the zygomatic arch and pierces the buccinator.

Question 15

What nerve stimulates secretion in the parotid gland?

Answer 15

Cranial nerve IX (Glossopharyngeal nerve).

Question 16

What salivary glands does cranial nerve VII innervate? (2)

Answer 16

1. Submandibular glands. 2. Sublingual glands.

Question 17

What gland produces the majority of the saliva?

Answer 17

The submandibular glands.

Question 18

Where do sublingual ducts open?

Answer 18

Onto the inferior surface of the oral cavity.

Question 19

What superior part of the tooth?

Answer 19

The crown.

Question 20

What layer of a tooth is below the crown?

Answer 20

The dentine.

Question 21

What is the top layer of a tooth?

Answer 21

The enamel.

Question 22

What is the middle portion of a tooth?

Answer 22

The neck.

Question 23

What is the deepest portion of a tooth?

Answer 23

The root.

Question 24

What tooth layer is beneath the dentine?

Answer 24

The pulp cavity.

Question 25

What does the pulp cavity contain?

Answer 25

Spongy and highly vascular. It contains the dental arteries, veins, and nerves.

Question 26

What does cement do?

Answer 26

Covers the dentine of the root and protects and firmly anchors the periodontal ligament.

Question 27

What is the periodontal ligament?

Answer 27

Collegen fibers that extend from the dentine of the root to the bone, creating a strong, fibrous articulation known as a gomphosis.

Question 28

What are the incisors? Where are they found?

Answer 28

Blade-shaped teeth found at the front of the mouth.

Question 29

What are the cuspids, or canines?

Answer 29

Conical teeth with a sharp ridgeline and a pointed tip.

Question 30

What is the function of incisors?

Answer 30

To clip and cut food.

Question 31

What is the function of cuspids, or canines?

Answer 31

To tear and slash food.

Question 32

What is the function of premolars?

Answer 32

To crush, mash, and grind food.

Question 33

What is the functions of molars?

Answer 33

Crushing and grinding food.

Question 34

Describe where teeth are from the medial to lateral alignment. (4)

Answer 34

1. Incisors. 2. Cuspids. 3. Premolars. 4. Molars.

Question 35

What are the muscles of mastication innervated by?

Answer 35

Cranial nerve V.

Question 36

Where do all muscles of mastication insert?

Answer 36

On the mandible.

Question 37

What does the temporalis do?

Answer 37

Elevates and retracts the mandible.

Question 38

What does the masseter do?

Answer 38

Elevates and protracts the mandible.

Question 39

What is the function of the lateral and medial pterygolds?

Answer 39

Protracts and moves the mandible from side to side.

Question 40

Does any muscle open the mouth?

Answer 40

No.

Question 41

What do intrinsic muscles do?

Answer 41

Change the shape of the tongue.

Question 42

Where do intrinsic muscles originate and inset?

Answer 42

Within the tongue.

Question 43

Where do extrinsic muscles originate and insert?

Answer 43

Originate away from the tongue. Insert on the tongue.

Question 44

What are four extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Answer 44

1. Genioglossus. 2. Stlyoglossus. 3. Hyloglossus. 4. Palatoglossus.

Question 45

What are the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles, except the palatoglossuss, of the tongue innervated by?

Answer 45

Cranial nerve XII (Hypoglossal).

Question 46

What is the palatoglossus extrinsic muscle of the tongue innervated by?

Answer 46

CN X (Vagus).

Question 47

What is the function of the palatoglossus muscle?

Answer 47

Elevates the tongue.

Question 48

What is the function of the hyoglossus muscle?

Answer 48

Retract and depress tongue.

Question 49

What are taste buds?

Answer 49

Specialized organs for taste.

Question 50

What is each taste bud composed of?

Answer 50

Many gustatory cells with taste receptors.

Question 51

Where are filiform papillae distributed?

Answer 51

In the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue.

Question 52

What do fungiform papillae contain?

Answer 52

Taste buds.

Question 53

What are the largest papillae?

Answer 53

Vallate.

Question 54

Where are most taste buds found?

Answer 54

On vallate papillae.

Question 55

Where are vallate papillae found?

Answer 55

Inverted V shape on the posterior dorsal surface of the tongue.

Question 56

Where do axons of the gustatory cells of the tongue travel through?

Answer 56

Cranial nerves VII and IX to the brainstem.

Question 57

Where does gustatory information go after the brainstem?

Answer 57

To the thalamus.

Question 58

Where does gustatory information go after the thalamus?

Answer 58

Taste fibers project to the primary gustatory cortex in the insular cortex.

Question 59

What does salivary amylase do?

Answer 59

Begins breakdown of carbohydrates.

Question 60

What does lingual lipase do?

Answer 60

Begins breakdown of lipids.

Question 61

What is the pharynx?

Answer 61

Funnel shaped tube that lies posterior to and extends inferiorly from the oral and nasal cavities.

Question 62

What artery supplies the pharynx?

Answer 62

External carotid artery.

Question 63

Where is the nasopharynx?

Answer 63

Continuous with the nasal cavity and superior to the soft palate.

Question 64

What is the lining of the nasopharynx?

Answer 64

Psuedostratefied ciliated columnar epithelium.

Question 65

What two structures are found within the nasopharynx?

Answer 65

1. Openings of the auditory tubes. 2. Pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids).

Question 66

Where is the oropharynx?

Answer 66

It extends between the soft palate and the base of the tongue at the level of the hyoid bone.

Question 67

What is the lining of the oropharynx and laryngopharynx?

Answer 67

Non-keratinized stratefied squamous epithelium.

Question 68

What are two structures found in the oropharynx?

Answer 68

1. Palatine tonsils. 2. Lingual tonsils.

Question 69

Where is the laryngopharynx?

Answer 69

Inferior to the hyoid and continuous with the larynx and esophagus.

Question 70

What are the two palatal muscles?

Answer 70

1. Levator veli palatini. 2. Tensor veli palatini.

Question 71

What is the function of the levator veli palatini?

Answer 71

Elevate the soft palate when swallowing.

Question 72

What is the function of the tensor veli palatini?

Answer 72

Tenses soft palate and opens auditory tube when swallowing or yawning.

Question 73

What innervates the levator veli palatini?

Answer 73

CN X (Vagus).

Question 74

What innervates the tensor veli palatini?

Answer 74

CN V (trigeminal), mandibular division.

Question 75

What are three muscles that elevate the pharynx and larynx?

Answer 75

1. Palatopharyngeus. 2. Salpingopharyngeus. 3. Stylopharyngeus.

Question 76

What are the three muscles that elevate the pharynx and larynx innervated by?

Answer 76

CN X (Vagus).

Question 77

What are the primary pharyngeal constrictors? (3)

Answer 77

1. Superior (innermost). 2. Middle. 3. Inferior (outermost).

Question 78

What are the pharyngeal constrictors innervated by?

Answer 78

CN X (Vagus).

Question 79

What is the function of the larynx?

Answer 79

Connects the pharynx to the trachea.

Question 80

What two cartilage are in the larynx?

Answer 80

1. Thyroid. 2. Cricoid.

Question 81

What forms the laryngeal prominences?

Answer 81

Thyroid cartilage.

Question 82

Where is the cricoid cartilage in the larynx?

Answer 82

Inferior to the thyroid cartilage.

Question 83

What is the largest cartilage in the larynx?

Answer 83

The thyroid cartilage.

Question 84

What is the function of the epiglottis?

Answer 84

Closing the opening to the larynx when swallowing.

Question 85

What paired cartilages play an important role in sound production? (3)

Answer 85

1. Arytenoid. 2. Comiculate. 3. Cuneiform.

Question 86

What are vocal folds?

Answer 86

Vocal ligaments covered by a mucous membrane.

Question 87

What is the glottis?

Answer 87

The opening between vocal folds.

Question 88

What sounds do shorter and tensor cords result in?

Answer 88

Higher pitch.

Question 89

What sounds do longer and looser cords result in?

Answer 89

Lower pitch.

Question 90

What are the extrinsic muscles of the larynx?

Answer 90

Suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles.

Question 91

Regions above the vocal folds have what type of epithelium?

Answer 91

Stratified squamous epithelium.

Question 92

Regions below the vocal folds have what type of epithelium?

Answer 92

Respiratory tract epithelium.

Question 93

What prevents water from going up the nose? (2)

Answer 93

1. Soft palate. 2. Uvula.

Question 94

What is the rima glottidis?

Answer 94

The opening between the true vocal cords and the arytenoid cartilages of the larynx.