Unit Four: Into to The Extremities & Brachial Plexus

Question 1

What is a tubercle?

Answer 1

A small rounded projection or process.

Question 2

What is a tuberosity?

Answer 2

A large rounded projection that may be roughened.

Question 3

What is a trochanter?

Answer 3

Very large, irregularly shaped process.

Question 4

What is an epicondyle?

Answer 4

A raised area on or above a condyle.

Question 5

What is a spine?

Answer 5

A sharp, slender projection.

Question 6

What is a process?

Answer 6

A bony prominence.

Question 7

What is a crest?

Answer 7

A narrow prominent ridge of bone.

Question 8

What is a line?

Answer 8

A narrow ridge of bone.

Question 9

What determines the range of motion of a muscle?

Answer 9

The length of the muscle fibers.

Question 10

What determines the force of a muscle?

Answer 10

The cross-section area of the muscle.

Question 11

Does a large muscle cross-section provides more or less force?

Answer 11

More force.

Question 12

What is a condyle?

Answer 12

A rounded articular projection.

Question 13

What is the head?

Answer 13

A bony expansion carried on a narrow neck.

Question 14

What is the facet?

Answer 14

A smooth, near flat articular surface.

Question 15

What is a foramen?

Answer 15

A round or oval opening through a bone.

Question 16

What is the notch?

Answer 16

The indentation at the edge of a bone.

Question 17

What is the fossa?

Answer 17

The shallow basin-like depression.

Question 18

Can muscles only pull?

Answer 18

They can only pull.

Question 19

How can synergists help the prime mover? (3)

Answer 19

1. Contribute to movement. 2. Stabilize. 3. Cancel out unwanted motion.

Question 20

Where do muscles with the opposite action lie?

Answer 20

On the opposite sides of a joint.

Question 21

What divides limb muscles?

Answer 21

Compartments.

Question 22

What are compartments?

Answer 22

Dense, fibrous connective tissue.

Question 23

What do muscles in the same compartment have in common?

Answer 23

They have similar actions and act as synergists.

Question 24

How many nerves are compartments often innervated by?

Answer 24

1.

Question 25

What is more proximal, the attachment site or the insertion?

Answer 25

The attachment site.

Question 26

What is the brachial plexus formed by?

Answer 26

The anterior rami (roots) of the spinal nerves C5-T1.

Question 27

What does the brachial plexus travel within?

Answer 27

The axilla (armpit).

Question 28

What are rami also called?

Answer 28

Roots.

Question 29

What do roots unite to form?

Answer 29

Trunks.

Question 30

What do portions of each trunk divide into?

Answer 30

Anterior and posterior divisions.

Question 31

What do the anterior and posterior divisions unite to form?

Answer 31

Three cords: Posterior. Medial. Lateral.

Question 32

What emerges from cords?

Answer 32

5 terminal branches.

Question 33

What are the five terminal branches?

Answer 33

1. Axillary. 2. Median. 3. Musculocutaneous. 4. Radial. 5. Ulnar.

Question 34

What are the posterior divisions posterior to?

Answer 34

The auxillary artery.

Question 35

What do the anterior division fibers innervate?

Answer 35

The anterior arm, forearm, and hand.

Question 36

What do the posterior division fibers innervate?

Answer 36

The posterior arm, forearm, and hand.

Question 37

What do nerve supplied by the proximal rami fibers (C5-C6) innervate?

Answer 37

Proximal muscles.

Question 38

What do nerves supplied by the intermediate rami fibers (C6-C8) innervate?

Answer 38

Muscles that act at the elbow and wrist.

Question 39

What do muscles supplied by the inferior rami fibers (C8-T1) innervate?

Answer 39

Distal (hand) muscles.

Question 40

What action do muscles innervate by C5 have?

Answer 40

Shoulder abduction.

Question 41

What action do muscles innervated by C6 have?

Answer 41

Elbow flexion.

Question 42

What action do muscles innervated by C7 have?

Answer 42

Elbow extension.

Question 43

What actions do muscles innervated by C8 have? (2)

Answer 43

1. Grip. 2. Finger adduction and abduction.

Question 44

What action do muscles innervated by T1 have?

Answer 44

None.

Question 45

What muscles does the axillary nerve innervate? (2)

Answer 45

1. Deltoid. 2. Teres minor.

Question 46

What kind of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?

Answer 46

A synovial joint.

Question 47

A dislocation near the sternoclavicular joint may cause a problem with what arteries and structure? (3)

Answer 47

The subclavian artery, trachea, and neck vasculature.

Question 48

Is the scapulothoracic joint a true joint?

Answer 48

No.

Question 49

What helps deepen the shoulder joint?

Answer 49

The glenoid labrum.

Question 50

What ligament stabilizes the lateral elbow?

Answer 50

The radial collateral ligament.

Question 51

What ligament stabilizes the medial elbow?

Answer 51

The ulnar collateral ligament.

Question 52

What kind of joint is the elbow joint?

Answer 52

A hinge joint composed of humeroulnar and radioulnar joints.

Question 53

What ligament holds the radius in place and keeps it close to the ulnar?

Answer 53

Annular ligament.

Question 54

What ligament allows for supination and pronation?

Answer 54

Annular ligament.

Question 55

Where does pronation and supination occur?

Answer 55

At the head of the radius.

Question 56

What movements does the humeroulnar joint allow for? (3)

Answer 56

1. Flexion. 2. Extension. 3. Circumduction.

Question 57

What movements do the radioulnar joint allow for? (2)

Answer 57

1. Pronation. 2. Supination.

Question 58

Name the proximal carpal bones from medial to lateral (4).

Answer 58

1. Scaphoid. 2. Lunate. 3. Triquetrum. 4. Pisiform.

Question 59

Name the distal carpal bones from medial to lateral (4).

Answer 59

1. Trapezium. 2. Trapezoid. 3. Capitate. 4. Hamate.

Question 60

List the general bones of the hand from proximal to distal (3).

Answer 60

1. Carpals. 2. Metacarpals. 3. Phalanges.