Unit Three: The Skull and Face Flashcards
What is the auricular region?
The ear.
What is the nuchal region?
Back of the neck.
What is the infraorbital region?
Below the eye.
Where is the mental region?
Chin.
What three regions can the neck be divided into?
- Anterior. 2. Posterior. 3. Lateral.
What bone does the tongue and muscles for swallowing attach to?
Hyoid bone.
Where is the hyoid?
Between the mandible and larynx.
What are the unpaired cranial bones? (4)
- Ethmoid. 2. Frontal. 3. Occipital. 4. Sphenoid.
What are the paired cranial bones? (2)
- Parietal. 2. Temporal.
What are the unpaired facial bones? (2)
- Vomer. 2. Mandible.
What are the paired facial bones? (6)
- Maxillae. 2. Nasal. 3. Lacrimal. 4. Zygomatic. 5. Palatine bones. 6. Inferior nasal conchae.
What are the four main cranial sutures?
- Coronal. 2. Lamboid. 3. Sagittal. 4. Squamous.
What are fontanelles?
Flexible areas of dense regular connective tissue that connect the bones of the infant skull.
What nerve(s) and arteries pass through the supra-orbital foramen in the frontal bone? (2)
- Supra-orbital nerve (branch of V). 2. Supra-orbital artery.
What nerve(s) and arteries pass through the optic canal in the sphenoid bone? (2)
- Optic nerve (II). 2. Opthalmic artery.
What nerves pass through the superior orbital fissure in the sphenoid bone? (4)
- Occulomotor nerve (III). 2. Trochlear nerve (IV). 3. Opthalmic nerve (V). 4. Abducens nerve (VI).
What nerve passes through the inferior orbital fissure in the sphenoid bone?
Maxillary nerve (V2).
What nerves pass through the zygomaticofacial foramen in the zygomatic bone? (2)
- Zygomaticofacial nerve. 2. Sensory branch of the maxillary nerve from cheek.
What nerve and artery passes through the infra-orbital foramen in the maxilla? (2)
- Infra-orbital nerve, branch of the maxilla nerve (V). 2. Infra-orbital artery.
What nerve and artery pass through the mental foramen in the mandible? (2)
- Mental nerve, branch of mandibular nerve (V). 2. Mental vessels.
What nerve(s) and arteries pass through the incisive fossa in the maxilla? (2)
- Nasopalatine nerves. 2. Small arteries to the palate.
What nerve passes through the greater palatine foramen in the palatine bone?
Anterior palatine nerve.
What nerve passes through the foramen ovale in the sphenoid bone?
Mandibular nerve (V3).
What artery and tube pass through the foramen lacerum in the sphenoid bone?
- Internal carotid artery after leaving carotid canal. 2. Auditory tube.
What artery passes through the carotid canal in the temporal bone?
Internal carotid artery.
What nerve passes through the stylomastoid foramen in the temporal bone?
Facial nerve (V)
What structure, nerve, and artery pass through the foramen magnum in the occipital bone?
- Medulla oblongata (most caudal portion of brain). 2. Accessory nerves (XI). 3. Vertebral arteries.
What nerves pass through the jugular foramen in the occipital bone? (3)
- Glossopharyngeal (IX). 2. Vagus (X). 3. Accessory nerves (XI).
What nerves pass through the olfactory foramina in the ethmoid?
Olfactory nerves (I).
What nerve and artery pass through the optic canal in the sphenoid?
- Optic nerve (II). 2. Opthalmic artery.
What nerve passes through the foramen rotundum?
Maxillary nerve (V2).
What nervespass through the internal acoustic meatus? (2)
- Facial nerve (VII). 2. Vestibulocochlear nerves (VIII).
What bones form the outer rim of the orbit? (3)
- Frontal. 2. Zygomatic. 3. Maxilla.
What bones the superior margin of the orbit? (2)
- Sphenoid. 2. Frontal.
What bones form the inferior margin of the orbit? (3)
- Zygomatic. 2. Maxilla. 3. Palatine.
What bones form the medial margin of the orbit? (4)
- Sphenoid. 2. Lacrimal. 3. Ethmoid. 4. Maxilla.
What bones form the lateral margin of the orbit? (2)
- Sphenoid. 2. Zygomatic.
What nerve passes through the cribriform plate (cribriform formina) in the ethmoid?
Cranial nerve I.
What nerve passes through the hypoglossal canal of the occipital bone?
Cranial nerve XII.
What structures are within the anterior cranial fossa? (3)
- Frontal lobes. 2. Olfactory bulb. 3. Olfactory tract.
What structures are within the middle cranial fossa? (2)
- Temporal lobes. 2. Pituitary gland.
What structure is within the posterior cranial fossa?
Cerebellum.
What are the three parts of the ethmoid bone?
- Cribriform plate. 2. Ethmoidal labyrinth. 3. Perpendicular plate.
What structures are within the occiptal bone? (2)
- Hypoglossal canal. 2. Foramen magnum.
What structures are within the sphenoid bone? (2)
- Optic canal. 2. Superior orbital fissure.
What structures are within the temporal bone? (2)
- Carotid canal. 2. Internal acoustic meatus.
Where does the temporalis muscles attach on the mandible?
At the coronoid process.
What part of the mandible surrounds and supports the lower teeth?
The alveolar processes.
Where does the mandible articulate with the mandibular fossa at the temporomadibular joint?
At the head of the mandible.
What is the function of the alveolar processes of the maxillae?
To contain the upper teeth.
What are the largest sinuses in the skull?
The maxillary sinuses.
What is the function of the maxillary sinuses?
To produce mucous that flushes the interior surfaces of the nasal cavity.
What are maxillary sinuses lined with?
A mucous membrane. Respiratory epithelium.
What is the function of the palatine bones?
To articulate with the maxillae to form the posterior portion of the bony palate.
What forms the zygomatic arch?
The temporal process of the zygomatic bone articulating with the zygomatic process of the temporal bone.
What is the lambdoid suture?
Synarthrotic articulation between the parietal and occipital bones of the cranium.
Where is the sagittal suture?
It begins at the superior midline of the lambdoid suture and extends anteriorly between the parietal bones to the coronal suture.
Where is the coronal suture?
It crosses the superior surface of the skull, joining the anterior frontal bone to the posterior parietal bones.
Where is the squamous suture?
It marks the boundary between the temporal bone and the parietal bone of that side.
What is the pterion? Where is it located?
The region where the frontal, parietal, temporal, and sphenoid bones join together. It is located on the side of the skull, just behind the temple.
What forms the anterior cranial fossa? (3)
- The frontal bone. 2. Ethmoid. 3. Lesser wings of the sphenoid.
What do cranial fossa do?
Supports each part of the brain.
What forms the middle cranial fossa? (3)
- Sphenoid. 2. Temporal. 3. Parietal.
What forms the posterior cranial fossa? (3)
- Occiptal bone (primarily). 2. Temporal. 3. Parietal.
What artery supplies the tongue?
The lingual artery.
What artery supplies the anterior face?
Facial artery.
What artery supplies the posterior scalp?
The posterior auricular.
What arteries supplying the face branch off of the external carotid? (7)
- Superior thyroid. 2. Lingual. 3. Facial. 4. Posterior auricular. 5. Occipital. 6. Maxillary. 7. Superficial temporal.
What artery supplies the scalp?
The superior temporal.
What does the right brachiocephalic trunk branch into? (2)
- Right Subclavian. 2. Right Common Carotid.
What does the left subclavian and left common carotid branch off of?
The ascending aorta.
What artery supplies the cheeks, muscles of mastication, teeth, and nasal cavity?
Maxillary.
What are the three primary veins that drain the head and the neck?
- Internal jugular. 2. External jugular. 3. Vertebral.
What vein drains the majority of the brain?
The internal jugular.
What vein drains the superficial skull?
External jugular.
What does the mental protuberance form?
The chin.
What is the function of the corrugator supercilii?
Wrinkles forehead.
